Abstract Simulating future climate changes (like temperature and rainfall) is critical for water resource management, disaster mitigation, and agricultural development. Based on the category-wise indicator method, two preferred Global Climate Models (GCMs) for the Ishikari River basin (IRB), the socio-economic center of Hokkaido, Japan, were examined from the newly released Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). Climatic variables (maximum/minimum temperature and precipitation) were projected by the Statistical DownScaling Model (SDSM) under all shared socioeconomic pathway-representative concentration pathway (SSP-RCP) scenarios (SSP1-1.9, SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, SSP4-3.4, SSP4-6.0, SSP5-3.4OS, and SSP5-8.5) in two phases: 2040–2069 (2040s) and 2070–2099 (2070s), with the period of 1985-2014 as the baseline. Predictors of SDSM were derived from CMIP6 GCMs and the reanalysis dataset NOAA-CIRES-DOE 20th Century Reanalysis V3 (20CRv3). Results showed that CMIP6 GCMs had a significant correlation with temperature measurements, but could not represent precipitation features in the IRB. The constructed SDSM could capture the characteristics of temperature and precipitation during the calibration (1985-1999) and validation (2000-2014) phases, respectively. The selected GCMs (MIROC6 and MRI-ESM-2.0) generated higher temperature and less rainfall in the forthcoming phases. The SSP-RCP scenarios had an apparent influence on temperature and precipitation. High-emission scenarios (like SSP5-8.5) would project a higher temperature and lower rainfall than the low-emission scenarios (like SSP1-1.9). Spatial-temporal analysis indicated that the northern part of the IRB is more likely to become warmer with heavier precipitation than the southern part in the future. Higher temperature and lower rainfall were projected during the late 21st century (2070s) than the mid-century (2040s) in the IRB.
Objective In order to investigate the variety of the airborne fungi in Jingzhou area and study the relationships between airborne fungi and allergic diseases.Methods We surveyed the fungi sensitizing of air in Jingzhou city from Feb.1th,2007 to Jau.31th,2008 to quantitatively observe the daily airborne fungi and count under microscope through one year.Results The fungi spores were present through all year.More than 20 taxa of airborne fungi have been collected,among which the most common fungi were Uredinales,Ustilaginales,Alternaria,etc.Fungi spores were ralated with the season and weather,the most aboudant period in sring and summer.Conclusion The airborne fungi were seen one year and were mostly allergenic.Many of then had seasonal distribution.
The long-term fertilization results in accumulation of phosphorus especially in the top layer of the soils. Inundation of agricultural lands leads to a switch to anaerobic soil condition, causing reduction of iron and leaching of phosphate simultaneously. From the ecological and environmental perspective, high nutrients flux especially phosphorus will increase the possibility of eutrophication in aquatic system. The fern Azolla had a good potential to adsorb phosphorus, it also has distinctive nitrogen-fixing capacity. We conducted a 10-week aquarium experiment to investigate the phosphorus release capacity from two agricultural soils in the Netherlands with different Fe and P concentrations but comparable Fe/P ratios. Besides, the research questions rose to whether Azolla could use the mobilized phosphate released from the soils for growth. We also tried to find an effective indicator to estimate the actually phosphate mobilization from sediment to water layer. Results showed that the soils with high Fe and P concentrations had higher phosphate release rate compared with the soil with low Fe and P concentrations. Pore water Fe: PO43− ratios were valid to identify P release to surface water, when the Fe: PO43− ratios less than 8 mol mol−1 substantial phosphorus mobilization occurred. The conclusions showed that the actual mobilization of phosphate is more important than the phosphorus retained in the sediments for the internal PO43− fluxes. From 10-week experimental results, we found that Azolla can reuse the phosphate retained in soils thus removed the mobilized phosphate in a moderately low surface water nutrient loading.
ABSTRACT This study aims to improve understanding of the state of the community library, to identify challenges in development, and to propose corresponding solutions. This paper uses questionnaires and semi‐structured interviews to investigate the development status of 164 community libraries in Hubei Province. The survey results show that community libraries in Hubei province grow rapidly in recent years. And some them have established close interactions with residents. However, they still face a number of challenges, such as shortage of collections, lack of funding, Lack of qualified library staff, limited programs, insufficient rules and regulations, and poor infrastructure.
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