This paper proposes a novel bi-velocity discrete particle swarm optimization (BVDPSO) approach and extends its application to the nondeterministic polynomial (NP) complete multicast routing problem (MRP). The main contribution is the extension of particle swarm optimization (PSO) from the continuous domain to the binary or discrete domain. First, a novel bi-velocity strategy is developed to represent the possibilities of each dimension being 1 and 0. This strategy is suitable to describe the binary characteristic of the MRP, where 1 stands for a node being selected to construct the multicast tree, whereas 0 stands for being otherwise. Second, BVDPSO updates the velocity and position according to the learning mechanism of the original PSO in the continuous domain. This maintains the fast convergence speed and global search ability of the original PSO. Experiments are comprehensively conducted on all of the 58 instances with small, medium, and large scales in the Operation Research Library (OR-library). The results confirm that BVDPSO can obtain optimal or near-optimal solutions rapidly since it only needs to generate a few multicast trees. BVDPSO outperforms not only several state-of-the-art and recent heuristic algorithms for the MRP problems, but also algorithms based on genetic algorithms, ant colony optimization, and PSO.
In this paper, an adaptive modularity cooperative coevolutionary framework is presented for training feedforward neural networks. The modularity adaptation framework is composed of different neural network encoding schemes which transform from one level to another based on the network error. The proposed framework is compared with canonical cooperative coevolutionary methods. The results show that the proposal outperforms its counterparts in terms of training time, success rate and scalability.
The development of efficient catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is of extreme importance for future renewable energy systems.In this work, we report on the synthesis of a novel hybrid electrode that boracic nanospheres grown on the top of some NiCo 2 O 4 nanowires with nickel foam as the baseboard(B-NiCo 2 O 4 /NF).Due to this unique structural features, the electrocatalyst has a good activity for HER, which needs overpotential of 150 mV to afford the current density of 10 mA cm -2 , the catalytic activity is maintained for at least 18 h.This work provides a promising methodology for the designing and fabricating highly efficient boracic catalysts for HER.
Parameters values have significant effects on the performance of the ant colony system (ACS) algorithm. However, it is a difficult task to choose proper parameters values for achieving the best performance of the algorithm. That is because the best parameters values are not only dependent on specific problems, but also related to the optimization states during the search process. This paper proposes a novel adaptive parameters control scheme for ACS and develops an adaptive ACS (AACS) algorithm. Different from the existing parameters control schemes, the parameters values in AACS are adaptively controlled according to the current optimization state, which is estimated based on measuring the pheromone trails distribution. The proposed AACS algorithm is applied to solve a series of benchmark traveling salesman problems (TSPs). The resulting solution quality and the convergence rate of AACS are favorably compared with the results by the ACS using fixed parameters values and two existing adaptive parameters control methods. Experimental results show that our proposed method is effective and competitive.
The aircraft landing signal lamp is a kind of optical equipment which provides the pilot with visual landing optical indication. It is installed on the apron of the airport. The aircraft landing signal lamp is usually installed on the aircraft landing sign line. To ensure the safety of aircraft taking off and landing, the height of the lamp after installation should not exceed 30mm. Aircraft landing lights need to provide 360 degrees of horizontal direction, 7 degrees to 90 degrees of vertical direction, and the power should not be too large, therefore, the optical system is required to have a reasonable light distribution curve, high light utilization rate. Because pilots are equipped with night vision equipment at night, landing lights need to provide a near-infrared light signal as well as visible light. To make aircraft take off and land safer, this paper designs an optical system of aircraft landing signal light based on the principle of light guiding optics, which makes the upper surface of the lamp flush with the mounting surface. The height of the lamp after installation is 0mm. The optical system consists of LED integrated surface light source and light guiding glass column. Integrated surface light source integrates visible light LED chip and near infrared LED chip together. To make the light Angle larger and the light distribution curve more reasonable, the upper surface of the light guide glass column is in the form of microlens array. At the end of this paper, a photo of the optical indication effect of aircraft landing signal light is given.
This paper investigates interaction among residential electricity users and utility company in a distribution network with the capability of two-way communication provided by smart grid. The energy consumption scheduling of electricity users is formulated as a game-theoretic problem within a group where all players are not totally selfish. Considering altruistic behavior of human decision-making, altruistic player action to other players actions can be influenced by recognizing the well being of others. The proposed model captures the empathy of electricity users in energy consumption scheduling and how this behavior affect peak demand and electricity prices. Numerical results demonstrate that both residential users and utility company can benefit through the channel of empathy.
Childhood refractory mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia with thrombosis is rare. The pathogenesis still remains unclear, and immune injury following infection may be related. RMPP can be suspected in MPP patients who have progressive aggravation of symptoms, persistent high fever, large pulmonary consolidations with pleural effusion, rapid progression of radiological findings within a short time, extrapulmonary complications, apparent increase in inflammatory indicators and poor response to macrolide antibiotics. It is important to awareness of RMPP at an early stage.
Improving the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) efficiency is essential for developing advanced anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers (AEMWEs) that operate at industrial ampere‐level currents. Herein, we employ density functional theory (DFT) calculations to identify Ni‐RuO2 as the leading candidate among various 3d transition metal‐doped M‐RuO2 (where metal M includes Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn). The incorporation of Ni atoms facilitates the partial reduction of RuO2, resulting in the formation of a Ni‐Ru/RuO2 interface having a significant built‐in electric field (BIEF) during electrochemical reactions. The resulted BIEF enhances electron transfer across the interface, which is critical in lowering energy barriers and accelerating the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) kinetics. As a result, the Ni‐RuO2 catalyst exhibits an overpotential of 134 mV at 1 A cm‐2 and a low Tafel slope of 20.85 mV dec‐1, with just 0.03 mg cm‐2 of Ru loading. The highly effective BIEF, therefore, plays a pivotal role in the catalyst's remarkable performance, allowing the Ni‐RuO2‐based AEMWE to require only 1.71V to maintain stable operation at 1 A cm‐2 over a 1000‐hour period.
The raising and flowing of groundwater caused by coal mining threaten the stability of mining faces, which cause casualties and machine damage accidents. Among the above accidents, the water inrush disaster caused by the water-rich water-conducting fault zone is the largest. Considering the complexity of geological structure and the suddenness of water inrush, reserving a reasonable thickness of waterproof coal pillars in front of the fault tectonic belt can effectively predict and control the occurrence of water inrush. The excellent adaptability of the numerical model to the geological conditions makes it an effective research method for simulating waterproof coal pillars. Based on the analysis of the background of on-site mining, this paper proposes a three-zone waterproof coal pillar calculation theory and establishes a numerical model for comparative analysis. The comparison results show that (1) the elastic-plastic theory and fracture theory can be used to calculate the thickness of the disturbed zone and the water-resisting zone, and the thickness of the fractured zone is positively correlated with the accuracy of the existing detection technology and equipment. (2) For the numerical model results, the increase of tangential stress is positively correlated with the distance of coal seam mining and the thickness of fault; the large plastic zone of the fault causes a higher increase in pore pressure, which ultimately increases the risk of water inrush. (3) The two results are in good agreement. The theoretical results have a safety margin, indicating that the three-zone theory is reasonable, which are used to guide the actual mining of the project to ensure the smooth passage of the project through the fault area.
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