It is of great significance to find tomato gray mold in time and take corresponding control measures to ensure the production of tomato crops. This study proposed a rapid detection method for spores of Botrytis cinerea in green-house based on microfluidic chip enrichment and lens-free diffraction image processing. Microfluidic chip with a regular triangular inner rib structure was designed to achieve the enrichment of Botrytis cinerea spores. In order to obtain the diffraction image of the diseased spores, a lens-less diffraction imaging system was built. Furthermore, the collected spore diffraction images were processed and counted. The simulation results showed that the collection efficiency of 16 μm particles was 79%, 100%, and 89% at the inlet flow rate of 12, 14 and 16 mL/min, respectively. The experimental verification results were observed under a microscope. The results showed that when the flow rate of the microfluidic chip was 12, 14 and 16 mL/min, the collection efficiency of Botrytis cinerea spores was 70.65%, 87.52% and 77.96%, respectively. The Botrytis cinerea spores collected in the experiment were placed under a microscope for manual counting and compared with the automatic counting results based on diffraction image processing. A total of 10 sets of experiments were carried out, with an error range of the experiment was 5.13~8.57%, and the average error of the experiment was 6.42%. The Bland-Altman method was used to analyze two methods based on diffraction image processing and manual counting under a microscope. All points are within the 95% consistency interval. Therefore, this study can provide a basis for the research on the real-time monitoring technology of tomato gray mold spores in the greenhouse.
With the emergence of high-dimensional data and a deeper research in complex network, scholars began to analyze the features of multi-dimensional network, such as the high-dimension community structure. Especially in the temporal network, many researchers have already proposed community discovery algorithms based on tensor decomposition. However, there are still some deficiencies in current research, which is the disconnection between traditional community detecting theory and the algorithm based on tensor decomposition. To solve this problem, this paper proof that there is a relationship between the modularity in the community discovery and the optimization goal of tensor decomposition. Based on the proof, a new community discovery algorithm based on modularity tensor in temporal network is proposed. Experiments in simulated dataset and real PSTN dataset have proved that our proposed algorithm can find a better community division than the traditional algorithm.
Though microwave ablation (MWA) technology has shown obvious advantages, it has the problem that the ablation zone is not sufficiently localized. As a result, normal tissue might be inevitably damaged during the ablation process. To solve this problem, the comprehensive MWA theory is first analyzed in this article, and then, a frequency-adaptive ablation approach is proposed and verified by simulations. Accordingly, a frequency-adaptive MWA system for optimizing the ablation zone is developed. As the tissue's electromagnetic properties change with the increase in temperature during the ablation, the proposed system is designed to monitor the working performance of the antenna in real time and to automatically select the optimum working frequency, simultaneously. The ablation-controlling system is designed as an integrated controller so that the overall size and fabrication cost are obviously reduced. Preliminary validation experiments are performed on the system, which shows that the proposed system is capable of delivering stable power output from 0.5 to 3 GHz and creating a highly localized ablation zone. The proposed MWA system is expected to be a dedicated device for the treatment of tumors.
In this article, a compact time-domain (TD) microwave system for borehole radar (BHR) is developed based on cost-effective microwave hardware. The time-varying gain equivalent sampling (TVGES) technique is proposed in the receiver, which consequently achieves an equivalent sampling rate of up to 33.3 GSa/s and a bandwidth of 618 MHz, enabling undistorted sampling of ultrawideband (UWB) pulse signals. Additionally, other components including pulse generator, antennas, and control circuits are purposely designed, and finally the complete system is integrated into a 120-cm-long polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe with a small diameter of 5.2 cm. The prototype can be operated with a portable android device (PAD) using a customized Ethernet cable, through Wi-Fi, or just working offline. Due to the proposed TVGES technique, the system is able to suppress disturbing early-arriving waveforms while effectively enhancing the reflections from targets. The performance of the developed system is evaluated for various measurement scenarios, especially by comparing with a measurement setup without TVGES. It shows that the TVGES-based system has a dynamic range of 61 dB and a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of up to 40 dB, and it can improve the SNR of late-arriving reflections by about 13 dB. To verify the proposed TD microwave BHR system, preliminary experiments are conducted, which show that the system can successfully detect a small target that is placed 0.4 m away from the BHR.
Different amounts of ingested alcohol can have distinct effects on the human body. However, there is limited research on chronic alcohol consumption with Helicobacter pylori infection. We sought to investigate the relationship between the cytokine profile, oxidative balance and H. pylori infection in subjects with chronic alcohol consumption. A total of 142 subjects were divided into three groups: 59 subjects with chronic alcohol ingestion and H. pylori infection (group A); 53 subjects with chronic alcohol ingestion without H. pylori infection (group B); and 30 control subjects (group C). The serum levels of CagA, interleukin (IL)-10, E-selectin, TNF-α, malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found that the ages and serum H. pylori CagA levels among the three groups, as well as both the mean drinking age and the mean daily alcohol consumption between groups A and B, were matched and comparable. Comparing the BMIs among the three groups, the BMI differences were found to be statistically significant (F=3.921, P<0.05). Compared with group C, the BMIs in groups A and B were significantly higher (P<0.001 and P<0.01, respectively); however, the BMI differences between group A and group B were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Additionally, no differences in the serum CagA levels were found in comparisons among the groups (all P>0.05). The serum IL-10 and E-selectin levels in group A were significantly lower than those in group B (serum IL-10: P<0.05; E-selectin: P<0.05). The serum IL-10 in group A was significantly higher than that in group C (P<0.01); the serum E-selectin levels in group A did not significantly differ compared with those in group C (P>0.05). Furthermore, the serum IL-10 and E-selectin levels in group B were significantly higher than those in group C (serum IL-10: P<0.001; E-selectin: P<0.05); however, the serum TNF-α levels did not differ among groups (all P>0.05). Although the serum levels of MDA and SOD in groups A and B were slightly lower than those in group C, there were no significant differences among groups (all P>0.05). In conclusion, we believe that H. pylori infection might cause a significant inhibition of certain cytokine profiles in subjects with chronic alcohol ingestion. Moreover, chronically ingested alcohol may exert an adjusted inflammatory effect, but there was no association between H. pylori infection, chronic alcohol consumption and oxidative balance.
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