Previous studies have demonstrated that Yueju-Ganmaidazao (YG) decoction induces rapid antidepressant-like effects, and the antidepressant response is mostly dependent on the suppression of nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate signaling in male mice. This study aimed to investigate the sex difference mediated by calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)-neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) signaling involved in the antidepressant-like effect of YG in mice. We found that the immobility times in the tail suspension test (TST) were found to be decreased after the single injection of YG in male and female mice with the same dosage. Additionally, chronic administration for 4 days of subthreshold dosage of YG and escitalopram (ES) also significantly decreased the immobility time in mice of both sexes. Chronic subthreshold dosage of YG and ES in LPS-treated mice and in chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) mice both decreased the immobility time, which was increased by stress. Meanwhile, in CUS-treated mice, sucrose preference test, forced swimming test, and open field test were applied to further confirm the antidepressant-like effects of YG and ES. Moreover, CUS significantly decreased the expression of nNOS and CaMKII, and both YG and ES could enhance the expression in the hippocampus of female mice, which was opposite to that in male mice, while endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression was not affected by stress or drug treatment neither in male mice nor in female mice. Finally, subthreshold dosage of YG combined with 7-nitroindazole (nNOS inhibitor) induced the antidepressant-like effects both in female and in male mice, while the single use of YG or 7-NI did not display any effect. However, pretreatment with KN-93 (CaMKII inhibitor) only blocked the antidepressant-like effect of high-dosage YG in female mice. Meanwhile, in CUS mice, chronic stress caused NR1 overexpression and inhibited cAMP response element binding protein action, which were both reversed by YG and ES in male and female mice, implying that YG and ES produced the same antidepressant-like effect in mice of both sexes. The study revealed that chronic treatment with a subthreshold dose of YG also produced antidepressant-like effects in female mice, and these effects depended on the regulation of the CaMKII-nNOS signaling pathway.
To determine the accuracy of injury severity score (ISS)in the assessment of patients with severe trauma by the consistency analysis of the patients'ISS with severe trauma scored by three clinicians, and to guide the allocation of medical resource.
Phosphorothioation, with sulfur replacing a nonbridging oxygen of phosphate, has surfaced in bacterial DNA electrophoresis. To understand structural characteristics of the thio-substituted DNA, we have investigated the correlation between the relative energy of phosphate/phosphorothioate linkage and the backbone torsions. The relative energies (R.E.) computed by the quantum mechanical method, the PBE1PBE(CPCM, solvent=water)//PBE1PBE/6-31+G(2df) level of theory, were used to construct energy-scoring functions against backbone torsion variables, resulting in the squared correlation coefficients r(2) of 0.90-0.95. Then, the DNA energy alteration by phosphorothioation is estimated with the relative energy difference (ΔR.E.) between phosphate and phosphorothioate of the phosphate linkages in the DNA crystallographic database (NDB). As a result, Rp-phosphorothioation shifts the relative energy of B-helical structures by 2.7 ± 3.4 kcal/mol, destabilizing about 95% linkages, while Sp-phosphorothioation by -1.4 ± 2.4 kcal/mol, stabilizing over 84% linkages in the data sets. The B-helical destabilization is likely caused by the steric effect between the sulfur atom of Rp-phosphorothioate and the neighboring C-H groups of deoxyribose on the groove wall in B-helix. The unfavorable interaction may be magnified by the increasing rigidness of P-O-involving backbone torsions α and ζ upon the nonbridging phosphorothioations. Since B-helix is the most prevalent DNA double-helical structure and Rp-phosphorothioation is the exclusive configuration in bacteria thio-DNA found to date, the observed stereospecificity-destabilization correlation may reflect a structure-function relationship of biological DNA-phosphorothiation.
Background Laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG) with Roux-en-Y (RY) is often accompanied by a series of complications. Uncut RY (URY) can effectively reduce Roux stasis syndrome (RSS) in laparoscopic distal gastrectomy. To determine whether totally LTG (TLTG) with URY for gastric cancer (GC) can replace RY in short-term and long-term prognosis. Methods This comparative retrospective study selected GC patients from 2016 to 2022. The patients were divided into URY group and RY group. Cox multivariate proportional hazard regression analysis was used to explore the independent prognostic factors. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to reduce bias. Results A total of 100 GC patients met the inclusion criteria. Compared to RY group, URY group showed significant advantages in operation time and length of hospital stay. In addition, URY group can significantly reduce short-term and long-term complications, especially RSS. The 1-, 3- and 5-year progression free survival (PFS) of URY group and RY group were 90.4% vs. 67.8% (P=0.005), 76.6% vs. 52.6% (P=0.009) and 76.6% vs. 32.8% (P<0.001), respectively. After PSM, the advantage of URY in PFS was verified again, while there was no significant difference in overall survival (OS) between the two groups. Cox multivariate analysis suggested that lower RSS was associated with better PFS. Conclusions TLTG with URY for GC helps control disease progression, speed up recovery and reduce short and long-term complications, especially RSS.
The impact of various aerosol delivery devices on patient outcomes during mechanical ventilation is unknown. If one method of delivery results in a higher ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) rate than another, multiple patient outcomes may be affected. This study aimed to determine whether there was a difference in VAP occurrence and patient outcomes (days receiving ventilation and in-hospital mortality) between the vibrating mesh nebulizer (AeroNeb Solo) and the metered-dose inhaler (MDI).This retrospective study reviewed medical records for all mechanically ventilated, adult patients with an order for aerosol treatment from August 2011 to August 2013. The hospital converted from MDI to vibrating mesh nebulizers in August 2012, and data were gathered 1 y before/after conversion. Excluded were patients with a tracheostomy, patients who were mechanically ventilated for <24 h, patients who received a combination of nebulizer and MDI treatments, or patients who were re-intubated.Two hundred twenty-eight subjects were included. Forty-eight (21%) received treatment with an MDI, and 180 (79%) were treated with the vibrating mesh nebulizer. Descriptive data did not significantly differ for age or APACHE II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II) scores between the groups but did for sex (P = .03). Difference in median days receiving ventilation for the MDI (5 d, interquartile range 3.0-8.5 d) and the vibrating mesh nebulizer (6 d, interquartile range 4.0-10.0 d) was not statistically significant. No correlation was found between the use of either device and the primary outcomes of VAP and in-hospital mortality. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, the number of days receiving ventilation increased the odds of VAP (odds ratio [OR] 1.3, 95% CI 1.14-1.49, P < .001) and mortality (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.04-1.21, P = .002). Higher APACHE II scores increased the odds of mortality (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.001-1.092, P = .044).We found no association between an MDI or vibrating mesh nebulizer and our primary outcomes, days receiving ventilation, in-hospital mortality, or VAP, in mechanically ventilated subjects.
Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 have been become the dominant variant family among more than 100 countries and regions around the world. There are still limited data on how inactivated COVID-19 vaccines prevent Omicron-related symptomatic infection, transmission, hospital admission, and death3. Recently, Dawei Yang et al. published a paper in the to explore the effect of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines on Omicron from the perspective of real-world observation data.
There are two techniques for a lateral sprint start: crossover (CS) and jab step (JS) starts. This study aimed to elucidate the difference in the CS and JS starts in terms of sprint performance and leg kinetics in athletes from ball-and-goal type sports (e.g. soccer and handball). Nineteen male athletes performed CS and JS starts, during which their motion and the force they applied to the ground were simultaneously recorded using a motion-capture system and two force platforms. The results showed that, although 5-m time via video analysis did not differ between CS and JS starts, forward velocity of centre of gravity (CG) and normalised average horizontal external power were greater for the JS start than the CS start. From waveform analysis, greater positive joint power in the sagittal plane leading to greater positive work in the JS start were found in the first three quarters of the push-off phase for rear hip extension and in the subsequent push-off phase for rear ankle plantar flexion. In conclusion, the results suggest that the JS start is superior to the CS start for start quickness, though the gains in the start did not appear to transfer to the 5-m performance. Moreover, greater positive joint power in the first three quarters of the push-off phase for the rear hip extension and in the subsequent push-off phase for the rear ankle plantar flexion were considered to be important contributing factors to the better performance of the JS start.
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