Due to the existence of coupling relationships, quality characteristics form a variation propagation process, which increases the risk possibility of product quality. In order to improve the robustness of quality characteristics, this paper proposes a fuzzy clustering-based key quality characteristics decoupling planning considering risk criticality. Firstly, based on the design structure matrix, a modular correlation matrix of key quality characteristics was established to quantify the coupling relationships among them. Secondly, according to the variation characteristics of quality characteristics, the variation propagation model is constructed to identify the potential quality risk. Thirdly, the fuzzy clustering algorithm is used to obtain the optimal control sequence of key quality characteristics. Finally, the computerized numerical control machine tool is taken as an actual case, the effectiveness and superiority of this method are verified by the comparison of the numerical result and method. This method provides a new indicator system solution for the coupling analysis of product design.
Abstract Motion is one of the most basic forms of mechanical products, which directly determines the performance stability and function realization of products. In this paper, a reliability allocation method for mechanical products is proposed, which takes the meta‐action with motion characteristics as the allocation granularity unit, and fully considers the performance factors and failure correlation of the meta‐action. Firstly, the function‐motion‐action (FMA) decomposition method is used to establish the decomposition model of mechanical products to determine all the meta‐actions that realize the function of products. Secondly, four factors that affect the reliability of the meta‐action are introduced, namely sensitivity, severity, potential improvement, and dynamic performance, and the comprehensive allocation weight model of meta‐actions is established. Furthermore, to solve the deficiency of the traditional failure independence hypothesis, Copula theory is used to establish the reliability allocation model of the meta‐action system. Finally, a numerical control turntable is taken as an example to illustrate the applicability of the method. The results show that the reliability allocation value of the proposed method is significantly lower than that of the traditional method when the reliability index of the product is guaranteed, which provides theoretical guidance for the reliability design of mechanical products.
In this paper, parts from Ford GT were machined based on tool path created using Curvature Matched Machining and three other popular CAD systems. Five-axis flat end mill methods are used as the baseline of comparison. The performance of these CAD packages was compared using the benchmark of tool path density, surface finish, and post-machining finishing time. Results show that CM2 has advantage over today’s leading CAM capability in terms of both machining efficiency and tool path computation time.
In this article, probabilistic hesitant fuzzy linguistic preference relations (PHFLPRs) are proposed to present the qualitative pairwise preference information of decision makers (DMs) with hesitation and probability uncertainty assessments. The measurements and improvements of additive consistency and consensus of PHFLPRs are investigated in group decision making (GDM). First, a new concept of probabilistic hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets is defined. Second, the consistency and consensus measurements are established to survey the additive consistency and consensus levels of PHFLPRs. Subsequently, an optimization model is developed to improve the unacceptably additive consistent PHFLPR. By optimizing the unacceptable consensual PHFLPRs with repeating additive consistency improvement, the acceptably additive consistent and consensual PHFLPRs are obtained, based on which DMs' weights are determined objectively and then, the collective PHFLPR is aggregated from individual PHFLPRs. Alternatives' priority weights are derived from the collective PHFLPR as GDM. Finally, an example about failure criticality analysis is given, and a comparison analysis is presented.
Abstract Traditional prayers can function to provide spiritual and social support for oneself and others. With social media, this support finds a new expression in digital prayers. We map the landscape of digital petitionary prayers for self and others across three different media. In survey one (n = 218), frequency of digital petitionary prayers, described by topic, relationship, place, and outcome, was highest for the mobile medium (phone and text messaging), midrange for Facebook (posting and e-mail), and lowest for traditional e-mail. A second survey (n = 116) revealed that different types and contexts for petitionary prayers are positively associated with love of self, others, and God. Suggestions for future research include investigating the quality and outcomes of petitionary prayers across private, face-to-face, and digital contexts. Notes 1Religion and spirituality, as academic terms, are derived in part from the beliefs, experiences, and behaviors of peoples from the world's religions (CitationBeversluis, 2000). Spirituality is often associated with personal/subjective values and practices that provide meaning and purpose to life whereas religion is often conceptualized as an organizational/institutionally validated set of values and rituals that provide meaning and purpose in the search for the sacred (CitationZinnbauer et al., 1997; CitationZinnbauer & Pargament, 2005). There are many other conceptualizations of religion/spirituality, depending on the academic lens. For example, CitationGreeley (1995) reviews a variety of religious/spiritual perspectives that are connected to prayer: Karl Marx's opiate of the people (prayer used to pacify the populous), Sigmund Freud's neurosis (prayer as an ego-defense mechanism), Talcott Parson's search for meaning (prayer as purposeful social action), Rudolf Otto's the Holy (prayer as an encounter with the numinous, that which is both fascinating and terrifying), and William James' mystical experience (prayer as a noetic, an experience of "knowing" beyond ordinary experience). These examples demonstrate that religious/spiritual perspectives serve as frames for understanding the beliefs, experiences, and behaviors of "prayer." 2Conceptualizing prayers of petition as ways to cope with everyday life is partly based on Pargament's psychological research on religious coping (CitationPargament, Koenig, & Perez, 2000). Several subcategories of religious coping are related to prayer across three studies of diverse samples of individuals coping with major life crises (CitationPargament, Smith, Koenig, & Perez, 1998): spiritual connection (e.g., looked for a stronger relationship with God), seeking spiritual support (e.g., sought God's love and care), religious forgiveness (e.g., sought help from God in letting go of my anger), and collaborative religious coping (e.g., tried to put my plans into action together with God). Each of these types of religious coping can be realized by prayer, especially prayers of petition. 3Prayers of petition are among the oldest recorded prayers. In ancient Sumerian civilization, evidence for prayers of petition to the family's personal god is recorded on cuneiform tablets (CitationKramer, 1959). Petitionary prayers are also known as intercessory or supplicatory prayers. Other less formal names for petitionary prayer include entreaty, invocation, asking, and so forth. To avoid confusion, and to maintain a sense of continuity, we will use the term "petitionary prayer" throughout the article. 4Other researchers have used the term "spiritual support" in a somewhat different sense in relation to religion/spirituality. For instance, spiritual support has been defined as "the tendency for coreligionists to help a person maintain and deepen his or her faith by encouraging the person to integrate religious beliefs and practices into daily life" (CitationKrause, Ellinson, Shaw, Marcum, & Boardman, 2001, p. 642). This definition does not specifically address prayer per se, nor does CitationHorosewski and Lee's (2008) idea of using religious/spiritual reading material, movies, pastoral visits, and the like as "religious/spiritual sources of social support."
Abstract In order to reduce the maintenance cost, improve the availability, reliability, safety and product quality of the equipment, it is necessary to maintain the equipment. The choice of maintenance strategy is not only related to economic interests, and even endanger personal safety. Traditional maintenance decision-making often takes parts or the whole system as the decision object. Taking components or systems as decision-making objects, too large grains are easy to lead to wrong maintenance decisions, resulting in over repair or under repair; taking parts as decision-making objects, the analysis and decision-making of the system is too complicated. In this paper, the meta-action unit is taken as the research carrier, and the grey weight of each criteria is obtained by combining the grey system theory with the best worst method (BWM). The comprehensive grey value of the evaluation is calculated by the grey number algorithm and its comparison method, and the best maintenance scheme is obtained by comparison. The example analysis proves the effectiveness of the method.
In this paper, we discuss a way to extend a geometric surface feature framework known as Direct Surface Manipulation (DSM) into a volumetric mesh modeling paradigm that can be directly adopted by large-scale CAE applications involving models made of volumetric elements, multiple layers of surface elements or both. By introducing a polynomial-based depth-blending function, we extend the classic DSM mathematics into a volumetric form. The depth-blending function possesses similar user-friendly features as DSM basis functions permitting ease-of-control of the continuity and magnitude of deformation along the depth of deformation. Practical issues concerning the implementation of this technique are discussed in details and implementation results are shown demonstrating the versatility of this volumetric paradigm for direct modeling of complex CAE mesh models. In addition, the notion of a model-independent, volumetric-geometric feature is introduced. Motivated by modeling clay with sweeps and templates, a model-independent, catalog-able volumetric feature can be created. Deformation created by such a feature can be relocated, reoriented, duplicated, mirrored, pasted, and stored independent of the model to which it was originally applied. It can serve as a design template, thereby saving the time and effort to recreate it for repeated uses on different models (frequently seen in CAE-based Design of Experiments study).
James E. Katz is an American pioneer in examining social consequences of mobile technology use in everyday life. He builds a global mobile communication research network and his work informs various mobile communication studies around the world. He explores how mobile technology's affect social interaction and what their uses reveal about human nature and organizations; Katz was among the first to demonstrate their pro-social uses. He also seeks to understand what the future holds in terms of society and communication technologies and works with others to explore ways in which society can best prepare itself to make the optimal use of new developments. This article documents Katz's research activities and his intellectual impacts on mobile communication studies.
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