Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been indicated in the development of some tumors, including lymphoma. However, the potential role of latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) encoded by EBV in the tumorigenesis of lymphoma remains debated. Herein, we examined the function of LMP1 in lymphoma.The expression of LMP1 was downregulated or upregulated in EBV negative cell line SNT-8 and positive cell line KHYG-1, respectively. Subsequently, the cell viability, apoptosis, as well as the expression patterns of p53, mouse double minute 2 (MDM2), B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and NF-κB were evaluated. Next, the binding relationship between MDM2 and p53 along with p53 ubiquitination in cells was tested by Western blot and co-immunoprecipitation. Finally, the effects of LMP1 on lymphoma cell growth through p53, Bcl-2 and NF-κB pathways were verified by functional rescue experiments.Overexpression of LMP1 promoted KHYG-1 cell growth and inhibited cell apoptosis. Moreover, LMP1 upregulation significantly enhanced the activation of NF-κB pathway, thus increasing MDM2 binding to p53, leading to p53 ubiquitination and degradation as well as Bcl-2 expression enhancement. Further inhibition of the NF-κB pathway or Bcl-2 expression significantly weakened the promotive role of LMP1 in the growth of KHYG-1 cells.EBV-LMP1 promoted the p53 ubiquitination and degradation by activating NF-κB signaling pathway and the following binding of MDM2 and p53 in cells to enhance Bcl-2 expression, thus promoting the growth of lymphoma cells and inhibiting cell apoptosis.
Many rehabilitation exercises involve the stretching of bodies. We point out the necessity of the longitudinal stretching in arteries. The efficiency of an arterial system is closely related to the condition of the transverse vibration of the arterial walls or to the magnitudes of the area oscillation in all blood vessels. For a given blood pressure wave, a more elastic arterial wall has larger area oscillation, and therefore a higher efficiency in circulation. Elastic properties of the artery depend on the longitudinal stretching. In vitro experiment on pig aorta confirms that proper longitudinal stretching increases its elasticity and benefits to the circulatory system.
Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is a common cancer disease with high mortality. Circular RNA_0008234 (circ_0008234) has been shown to play a key role in many tumors, including GBC. However, the function between circ_0008234 and microRNA-204-5p (miR-204-5p) in the progression of GBC has not been clarified.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expressions of circ_0008234, miR-204-5p and fibroblast growth factor receptor-2 (FGFR2) in GBC cells and tissues. Western blot was used to detect the expression of relative proteins. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration were detected by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, thymidine analog 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay, flow cytometry, transwell assay and wound healing assay. Mechanically, the interaction of miR-204-5p with circ_0008234/FGFR2 was notarized by dual-luciferase reporter assay. A xenotransplantation model was established to study the role of circ_0008234 in vivo.Circ_0008234 and FGFR2 were highly expressed in GBC tissues and cells. Silencing circ_0008234 down-regulated cell proliferation, migration and invasion of NOZ and SGC-996 cells, while miR-204-5p inhibitors reversed these effects. In addition, overexpression of FGFR2 restored the cell malignant behavior of GBC cells inhibited by miR-204-5p mimic. Animal experiments confirmed the anti-tumor effect of silenced circ_0008234 in vivo.Circ_0008234 mediated GBC via the miR-204-5p/FGFR2 axis, providing a novel targeted therapy for gallbladder carcinoma.
Cell tracking with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and iron nanoparticles is commonly used to monitor the fate of implanted cells in preclinical disease models. Few studies have employed these methods to study cancer cells because proliferative iron-labeled cancer cells will lose the label as they divide. In this study, we evaluate the potential for retention of the iron nanoparticle label, and resulting MRI signal, to serve as a marker for slowly dividing cancer cells. Green fluorescent protein-transfected MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were labeled with red fluorescent micron-sized superparamagnetic iron oxide (MPIO) nanoparticles. Cells were examined in vitro at multiple time points after labeling by staining for iron-labeled cells and by flow cytometric detection of the fluorescent MPIO. Severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) mice were implanted with 5 x 10(5) MPIO-labeled or unlabeled cells in the mammary fat pad and MRI was performed weekly until 28 days after injection. Microscopy was performed to validate MRI. In vitro assays revealed a very small percentage of cells that retained MPIO at 14 days after labeling. Regions of signal loss were observed in MRI of primary tumors that developed from iron-labeled cancer cells. Small focal regions of signal loss were detected in images of the axillary and brachial nodes in six of eight mice, at day 14 or later, with microscopy confirming the presence of iron-labeled cancer cells. Our data suggest an interesting role for cell tracking with iron particles since label retention leads to persistent signal void, allowing proliferative status to be determined.
Objective of this study was to determine the effect of electroacupuncture and transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation on tumor-related T cells.C57BL/6J mice used in the study were randomly divided into control and electrical stimulation group.The tumor model was established by subcutaneously injecting MC38 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells into mice.The mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory factors IL-10, IL-6 and 1L-1β of the mice was analyzed by RT-PCR.The numbers of CD8 + T cells and CD4 + T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry.The protein expression of PD-1 and CD39 of the mice was analyzed by Western blot.The metabolic rate of CD8 + T was analyzed by fluorescent nutrient stain.Results showed that the mRNA of IL-10, IL-6 and 1L-1β in the electric stimulation group decreased compared with that in the control group (P<0.05).On the 15th and 25th day, the tumor volume of the mice in the electric stimulation group decreased compared with that in the control group (P<0.05).Compared with the control group, the percentage of living cells of CD8+T and CD4+T in the electric stimulation group increased (P<0.05).The protein expression of PD-1 in the electric stimulation group was higher and that of CD39 in the electric stimulation group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05).The rate of oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification of CD8 + T cells increased after electric in stimulation group compared with the control group (P<0.05).To conclude, that electroacupuncture and transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation could inhibit the occurrence of tumors, promote proliferation and activation of T cells, and strengthen the immune clearance of tumor cells.
Aim:To study the effects of kaempferol on cell cycle status and CyclinB1,Cdk1 mRNA expressions in CNE-2 cells.Methods:CNE-2 cells were treated with 0,20,40,60,80,and 100 μmol/L kaempferol.24,48 and 72 h later,proliferation was determined by MTT assay;24 and 48 h later,cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry;24 h later,the expressions of CyclinB1 and Cdk1 mRNA were detected by RT-PCR.Results:The CNE-2 cell growth ability was inhibited by kaempferol in a time- and dose-dependent manner(Fdose=385.194,Ftime=237.324,Finteraction=13.757,P0.001);CNE-2 cells was blocked in G2/M phase (P0.05);the expressions of CyclinB1 and Cdk1 mRNA decreased with the increase of kaempferol dose (F=95.682,154.871,P0.001).Conclusion:Kaempferol can block CNE-2 cells in G2 /M phase through decreasing the expressions of CyclinB1 and Cdk1 mRNA,and inhibit the cell proliferation.
Objective To probe the value of ultrasonography in diagnosis and typing of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of pancreas(SPTP).Methods A retrospective review was performed in 15 patients(13 female and 2 male patients,aged 15-53 years, mean age at 30.1 years) with pathologically proved SPTP.Tumor size,location,and sonographic features were evaluated.Results Mean largest diameter of these tumors was about 66 mm(ranging 30-160 mm).The sonographic characteristics of SPTP were solid mass or with cystic component inside,encapsulated with well-defined margins.Calcification was noted in 6 tumors of 5 patients. According to the sonographic features of SPTP,the masses could be classified into three types as solid tumors,mainly solid,and mainly cystic tumor.Conclusions The characteristic of sonogram combined with clinical features may be of great value in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of SPTP.
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