This research introduces a homemade high throughput surface plasmon resonance imaging electrochemical system which can detect more than 50 spots simultaneously. The SPRI system was constructed in the Kretschmann configuration and the SPR sensor chip served as the working electrode in the EC module. K3Fe(CN)6 solution were tested by the cyclic voltammetry (CV) method and the SPRI method recording more than 50 spot signals simultaneously. The multiple sensing spots were unanimous due to the ununiformity of incident light and sensor surface. In order to eliminate ununiformity of different spots, glycerol gradient solution was tested, and a calibration and normalization method was applied.
The capacitance–voltage characteristics of metal–insulator–semiconductor structures based on Hg1−xCdxTe (x = 0.218) with CdTe passivation are studied before and after the passivation annealing process. We found that after vacuum annealing at 300 °C for 24 h, the micromorphology of the passivation layer was significantly improved, and as the fixed charge density decreased from 1.3 × 1012 cm−2 to 1.0 × 1010 cm−2, the fast surface state density decreased from 2 × 1013 cm−2 eV−1 to 3 × 1012 cm−2 eV−1, with a minimum value of 1.2 × 1011 cm−2 eV−1. From these findings, combined with the secondary ion mass spectroscopy analysis, we conclude that the annealing process propagates an equivalent electrical surface for CdTe/HgCdTe uniformly from the principal physical interface to the inside of the bulk material, effectively improving the characteristics of the CdTe passivation layer.
Mixed contaminants of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) have been commonly observed in soil and groundwater. Yet, there is a lack of research on the biodegradation of PAHs and BTEX co-contamination. In this study, the mechanisms underlying biostimulant-enhanced biodegradation of benzene co-contaminated with benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in soil were investigated using methanol, ethanol, and vegetable oil as biostimulants. The results demonstrated the highest biodegradation of benzene (50.7%) and BaP (46.2%) in the vegetable oil group under co-contamination conditions, with a significant reduction in bioavailable BaP content, when compared with those in ethanol and methanol groups, implying that bioavailable BaP was the preferred biodegradable BaP fraction. The alpha- and beta-diversity indices showed an increase in microbial diversity after biostimulation of benzene-BaP co-contaminated soil. Aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms, such as Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, and Nocardioides, were the dominant genera in BaP-benzene co-contaminated soil treated with different biostimulants. Enzyme analysis revealed a significant increase in dehydrogenase and lipase activities, suggesting that they were the major enzymes involved in benzene-BaP biodegradation. In conclusion, vegetable oil biostimulation exerted a maximum effect on the biodegradation of benzene and BaP mixed contaminants, and could be applied to remediate PAHs and BTEX co-contamination in soil.
Abstract The binding properties of doxorubicin with single stranded DNA of various base compositions were determined by fluorescence and circular dischroism assays. The interaction of Dox with ssDNA comprising of single repeating deoxynucleotide was firstly investigated. Dox preferentially bound to the G residues among four bases. Then oligonucleotides covering potential GA, GT, GC or GG binding sites were designed to quantitatively analyze the preferential base composition at the binding site. Dox exhibited better effect on oligonucleotide with GC sites. To testify the binding preference to GC site, GC‐rich oligonucleotides containing two GC fragments with different array modes were employed. Dox was verified to preferentially bind to the GC site of single stranded DNA. The binding of Dox with GC site in single stranded DNA may involve in the cooperation interaction of multiple GC with one Dox molecule. It appears that Dox may prefer stacking interaction with the multiple GC nucleotide bases along the oligonucleotide backbone.
We developed a magnetically-refreshable receptor platform structure which can be integrated with quite versatile nano-biosensor structures to build reusable nano-biosensor chips. This structure allows one to easily remove used receptor molecules from a biosensor surface and reuse the biosensor for repeated sensing operations. Using this structure, we demonstrated reusable immunofluorescence biosensors. Significantly, since our method allows one to place receptor molecules very close to a nano-biosensor surface, it can be utilized to build reusable carbon nanotube transistor-based biosensors which require receptor molecules within a Debye length from the sensor surface. Furthermore, we also show that a single sensor chip can be utilized to detect two different target molecules simply by replacing receptor molecules using our method. Since this method does not rely on any chemical reaction to refresh sensor chips, it can be utilized for versatile biosensor structures and virtually-general receptor molecular species.
CO₂emission factors of coal power chain and hydropower chain and various fuel emission factors in China are calculated based on the life cycle analytical method. Formulas are suggested to calculate the CO₂emission of various kinds of energy consumption in residence of China which include the use of home electric appliances, heating in urban area in winter and living energy consumption in the countryside. Through calculation, CO₂emission of residential buildings in China accounts for 34.34％ of the total emission in 1999. Reduction strategy is also discussed which includes the energy conservation and using the renewable energy. Furthermore the CO₂emission reduction by utilizing the passive solar technology in Dalian in China is also clarified.
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