TAS1R- and TAS2R-type taste receptors are expressed in the gustatory system, where they detect sweet- and bitter-tasting stimuli, respectively. These receptors are also expressed in subsets of cells within the mammalian gastrointestinal tract, where they mediate nutrient assimilation and endocrine responses. For example, sweeteners stimulate taste receptors on the surface of gut enteroendocrine L cells to elicit an increase in intracellular Ca2+ and secretion of the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an important modulator of insulin biosynthesis and secretion. Because of the importance of taste receptors in the regulation of food intake and the alimentary responses to chemostimuli, we hypothesized that differences in taste receptor efficacy may impact glucose homeostasis. To address this issue, we initiated a candidate gene study within the Amish Family Diabetes Study and assessed the association of taste receptor variants with indicators of glucose dysregulation, including a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and high levels of blood glucose and insulin during an oral glucose tolerance test. We report that a TAS2R haplotype is associated with altered glucose and insulin homeostasis. We also found that one SNP within this haplotype disrupts normal responses of a single receptor, TAS2R9, to its cognate ligands ofloxacin, procainamide and pirenzapine. Together, these findings suggest that a functionally compromised TAS2R receptor negatively impacts glucose homeostasis, providing an important link between alimentary chemosensation and metabolic disease.
The authors study the problem of how news summarization can help stock price prediction, proposing a generic stock price prediction framework to enable the use of different external signals to predict stock prices. Experiments were conducted on five years of Hong Kong Stock Exchange data, with news reported by Finet; evaluations were performed at individual stock, sector index, and market index levels. The authors' results show that prediction based on news article summarization can effectively outperform prediction based on full-length articles on both validation and independent testing sets.
tutorial Share on Evolutionary large-scale global optimization: an introduction Authors: Mohammad Nabi Omidvar University of Birmingham University of BirminghamView Profile , Xiaodong Li RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia RMIT University, Melbourne, AustraliaView Profile Authors Info & Claims GECCO '17: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference CompanionJuly 2017 Pages 807–827https://doi.org/10.1145/3067695.3067706Published:15 July 2017Publication History 5citation153DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations5Total Downloads153Last 12 Months12Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Umami is one of the 5 basic taste qualities. The umami taste of L-glutamate can be drastically enhanced by 5' ribonucleotides and the synergy is a hallmark of this taste quality. The umami taste receptor is a heteromeric complex of 2 class C G-protein-coupled receptors, T1R1 and T1R3. Here we elucidate the molecular mechanism of the synergy using chimeric T1R receptors, site-directed mutagenesis, and molecular modeling. We propose a cooperative ligand-binding model involving the Venus flytrap domain of T1R1, where L-glutamate binds close to the hinge region, and 5' ribonucleotides bind to an adjacent site close to the opening of the flytrap to further stabilize the closed conformation. This unique mechanism may apply to other class C G-protein-coupled receptors.
The discovery of genes encoding taste G protein－coupled receptors（GPCRs）almost 10 years ago has had an unprecedented impact on helping us figuring out how taste functions at the molecular level and how taste is processed at the periphery. For example, these genes have been used to determine the coding logicof bitter, sweet and savory（umami）taste. It is now known that the exclusive expression of either bitter, sweet or umami taste receptors in separate taste receptor cells（TRCs）allow these taste modalities to be selectively segregated at the periphery. These genes have also been used to successfully“deorphan”the rather large family of bitter taste receptors, to show that dozens of radically different sweeteners can activate the sweet taste receptor by interacting with different domains of the receptor molecule and to understand, at the molecular level, how 5’－ribonucleotides enhance the taste of monosodium glutamate（MSG）. The genes encoding taste receptors have also allowed the development of specific cell－based assays that are amenable to high throughput screening. Contrary to the classical approach to flavor development, where usually only a few hundred close analogues of known flavor molecules can be evaluated by taste panelists on ayearly basis, it is now possible to evaluate the effect of 100,000s of compounds from 1,000s of different chemical classes in a just a few weeks. The screening hits are then moved to an efficient iterative cycle of assay－guided chemical optimization and taste testing until the required flavor profile is obtained. This newparadigm in flavor development has been used recently to identify novel sweet and savory taste receptor modulators. Some of these molecules are now being commercialized as flavor enhancers used in a variety of consumer products.
A high-efficiency and stable P3HT based perovskite solar cell through suppressing perovskite/P3HT interfacial recombination with the polyelectrolyte P3CT-BN.
The stability of a fuzzy large-scale system with time delays both in states and in interconnections is considered in this paper. The fuzzy large-scale system consists of J interconnected subsystems, which are represented by the Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy models. The stability condition is derived using the Lyapunov-Krasovskii approach, combined with linear matrix inequality (LMI) techniques. A numerical example is also given to demonstrate the correctness of the theoretical result.
A nonlinear time series analysis method has been used for reconstruction of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies. The method involves principal components analysis, phase space reconstruction and least squares estimate. It differs from traditional linear fitting methods in the way that temporal information is used instead of spatial information. The method is demonstrated on CZ model data and proves to be a success.
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