In this paper, crosstalk compensation equalizers for high-speed differential signaling on the silicon-based interposer were proposed. By compensating the amount of crosstalk on each metal line of the victim differential pair, crosstalk can be rejected for common noise of the differential signaling. To design crosstalk compensation passive equalizers, Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) capacitor is connected between an aggressor metal line and a further victim metal line which makes same capacitive crosstalk on a victim differential pair. In other way of design equalizer, Twisted Differential Lines is also proposed to make same crosstalk on a victim differential pair to be eliminated as common noise rejection. These equalizers result in the wide-band channel equalization. The effective performances of these passive equalizers are designed by Full EM Simulation tool and successfully demonstrated and verified. S parameter, output signal voltage, and eye-diagrams of Far-end Crosstalk (FEXT) are analyzed in frequency and time domain.
Image steganography hides secret information in an image called cover image so naturally that the other users can not recognize the existence of information in the revealed image. This paper deals with an approach to recover the hidden image information from image steganography. The proposed approach investigates that the decoded hidden image information is a normal image or not. The normal and incorrectly decoded abnormal images have been trained using a deep neural network model and entropy features. The discrimination is processed with image patches since the information may be partially embedded in the cover image. The experiments are performed with respect to the various data capacities. The proposed approach discriminates and recovers the hidden image information automatically from a tremendously large number of steganography encoding methods.
As through silicon via (TSV) technology is in the spotlight as the vertical interconnection method for 3-dimensional integrated circuit (3D IC), the study about a new structure of the 3-dimensional TSV clock distribution network (3D CDN) is strongly needed. In this paper, we propose a new 3D CDN scheme, vertical tree 3D CDN (VT 3D CDN), to reduce the skew, and we analyze the performances which is the skew, the jitter, the power consumption and the area consumption. The proposed VT 3D CDN improves the performance of the skew, although the other performance is slightly degraded.
In this paper, the worst-case and statistical eye-diagrams of high-speed TSV-based channel are simulated and analyzed. To analyze the electrical characteristic of TSV-based channel, the eye-diagrams with various TSV and silicon interposer interconnect structures are simulated and compared each other. In addition, the single-channel bandwidth in accordance with the channel types and the metal widths of the silicon interposer interconnect are investigated based on the simulated eye-diagrams. By using the obtained single-channel bandwidth of the high-speed TSV-based channel, the escaping bandwidth that corresponds to the total bandwidth of the TSV-based system is also investigated.
Abstract Systematic optimization of the photocatalyst and investigation of the role of each component is important to maximizing catalytic activity and comprehending the photocatalytic conversion of CO 2 reduction to solar fuels. A surface‐modified Ag@Ru‐P25 photocatalyst with H 2 O 2 treatment was designed in this study to convert CO 2 and H 2 O vapor into highly selective CH 4 . Ru doping followed by Ag nanoparticles (NPs) cocatalyst deposition on P25 (TiO 2 ) enhances visible light absorption and charge separation, whereas H 2 O 2 treatment modifies the surface of the photocatalyst with hydroxyl (–OH) groups and promotes CO 2 adsorption. High‐resonance transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure, and extended X‐ray absorption fine structure techniques were used to analyze the surface and chemical composition of the photocatalyst, while thermogravimetric analysis, CO 2 adsorption isotherm, and temperature programmed desorption study were performed to examine the significance of H 2 O 2 treatment in increasing CO 2 reduction activity. The optimized Ag 1.0 @Ru 1.0 ‐P25 photocatalyst performed excellent CO 2 reduction activity into CO, CH 4 , and C 2 H 6 with a ~95% selectivity of CH 4 , where the activity was ~135 times higher than that of pristine TiO 2 (P25). For the first time, this work explored the effect of H 2 O 2 treatment on the photocatalyst that dramatically increases CO 2 reduction activity.
Design and fabrication of a 1-MW inductive power transfer (IPT) system that supplies power to the vehicle in real time without any battery charge is proposed for a high-speed train. The IPT system consists of a 1-MW resonant inverter, a 128-m transmitter, four pickups, including rectifiers, and a wireless feedback network to maintain a constant output voltage of the pickups. The operating frequency of the system is 60 kHz to achieve efficient power transfer with a large air gap. The measured efficiency of the IPT system at the 818-kW output power of the pickups for the 5-cm air gap is 82.7%. The electromagnetic field and the induced voltage at the rail are also measured for safety evaluation. The fabricated IPT system was adapted to the high-speed train, and the train successfully accelerates to a speed of 10 km/h according to startup procedures.
Abstract The electrocatalytic conversion of CO 2 to value‐added hydrocarbons is receiving significant attention as a promising way to close the broken carbon‐cycle. While most metal catalysts produce C 1 species, such as carbon monoxide and formate, the production of various hydrocarbons and alcohols comprising more than two carbons has been achieved using copper (Cu)‐based catalysts only. Methods for producing specific C 2 reduction outcomes with high selectivity, however, are not available thus far. Herein, the morphological effect of a Cu mesopore electrode on the selective production of C 2 products, ethylene or ethane, is presented. Cu mesopore electrodes with precisely controlled pore widths and depths were prepared by using a thermal deposition process on anodized aluminum oxide. With this simple synthesis method, we demonstrated that C 2 chemical selectivity can be tuned by systematically altering the morphology. Supported by computational simulations, we proved that nanomorphology can change the local pH and, additionally, retention time of key intermediates by confining the chemicals inside the pores.
In multiuser MIMO systems, the amount of the required feedback increases with the number of transmit antennas to improve the sum rate performance. This feedback overhead is critical when it comes to massive multiple antenna wireless systems. Therefore, we propose a compressed analog feedback scheme. The proposed compressed analog feedback strategy exploits natural correlation characteristics among large-scale multiple antennas in order to reduce feedback overhead. By using the sparse approximation and low dimensional random projection at each mobile station (MS), and convex relaxation based feedback decompression at a base station (BS), the proposed scheme outperforms the uncompressed analog feedback which wastes long time duration and energy, in the consideration of the feedback delay, requiring lower feedback overhead from each MS.
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