Purpose: The author compared three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography with combined volume rendering technique (3D-CTA VR) with three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography (3D-DSA) in the detection and characterization of intracranial aneurysms, in order to assess the diagnostic capability of 3DCTA VR. Materials and Methods: This study included 50 patients with suspected intracranial aneurysm who underwent both 3D-CTA VR and 3D-DSA, and who were subsequently confirmed as having aneurysms by intracranial operation or other neurointerventional procedures. The detectability and the characteristics of the aneurysms, such as their aneurysmal neck, direction, and vasospasm of the adjacent vessels, were evaluated retrospectively. Results: Sixty-five intracranial aneurysms were detected through surgery or other interventional procedures. 3D-DSA was more sensitive (96.92%) than 3D-CTA VR in the detection of the aneurysms. All of the aneurysms that were more than 3mm in size were detected with both techniques. 3D-DSA failed to reveal one posterior communicating artery aneurysm, while 3D-CTA VR missed three aneurysms. The aneurysmal necks were clearly visualized in 58 of 61 aneurysms (95.1%) on 3D-CTA VR, but all of the aneurysmal necks(100%) were clearly identified on 3D-DSA. Conclusion: 3D-CTA combined with VR technique showed good sensitivity for the depiction of intracranial aneurysms greater than 3 mm in size, and its usefulness in characterizing the aneurysms for surgical or endovascular treatment planning was equal to or less than that of 3D-DSA.
In this study, we attempted to provide Korean names to the arctic vascular plants observed around the Dasan Korean Arctic Station and Longyearbyen in Spitsbergen Island, in the Arctic region. To obtain recognizable results, plants were named according to the following naming rules. (1) When Korean names already existed, those names were used. (2) When there was no Korean name for a plant species, a scientific name for the plant was translated into a Korean name. (3) If the meaning of the scientific name was unclear, an English common name was translated into Korean name. (4) If the scientific names had meaning to the Arctic inhabitation, the Korean names included the word 'Buk-geuk'. (5) If the distribution of the plant was limited to the Arctic area or the original species lived in the polar region, the Korean name included the word 'Buk-geuk'. (6) If the plant had no Korean generic name, a particular suffix '~a-jae-bi' was added to the closely related genus name of the plant species, or a new Korean genus name was used by translating a common English name. (7) If the same generic name had two or more Korean names, a generic name that better reflected the characteristics of the plant was selected. In this paper, we reported Korean names for 46 plants species belonging to 15 families and 28 genera. Eight plants had an existing Korean name and the other species were given new Korean names based on the criteria outlined above. We also made new Korean generic names for three genera, Braya, Micranthes and Cassiope.
Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of transvenous embolization in patients with dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF). Materials and Methods: From October 2002 to July 2004, eight patients with angiographically confirmed DAVF underwent transvenous embolization of the affected dural sinuses. Concomitant transarterial embolization was performed in four patients. Patients included five men and three women aged 45-78 years (mean age, 55.4 years). The patient's medical records and angiographic features were retrospectively reviewed. Patients had follow-up periods ranging from 5 to 24 months (mean, 16.5 months). Results: The locations of DAVF were transverse - sigmoid sinus in six patients and cavernous sinus in two patients. According to Cognard's classification, four of the DAVFs were Type I, two were type IIa, and two were Type IIb. Embolic materials used for the transvenous embolization were platinum detachable coils and fibered microcoils. After the transvenous embolization, there was complete obliteration of the DAVF in seven patients and significant flow reduction in one patient. All cases were clinically successful. There were no transient or permanent complications as a result of the endovascular procedures in any of the patients. One patient who had symptom recurrence 2 months after the initial treatment was successfully treated with repeated transvenous embolization. The remaining seven patients had no symptom recurrence during the follow-up period. Conclusion: Transvenous embolization is an effective and safe method in the treatment of patients with DAVF.
Objectives The purpose of this study is to establish relationship between functional gastrointestinal disorders in children and Temperament and Character using objective criteria and questionnaires. Methods This study surveyed 3-6 years old 130 children who were attending the kindergarten or daycare center in the vicinity of Gangdong from May 15th, 2014 to November 30th, 2014. The Korean-translated Questionnaire on Pediatric Gastrointestinal Symptoms-Rome III (QPGS-Rome III) and The Junior Temperament and Character Inventory 3-6 (JTCI 3-6) questionnaires were used. Results 1. Between the groups, functional gastrointestinal disorder group scored significantly higher on NS, NS1, NS4, HA4, ST and ST1. 2. As the number of functional gastrointestinal disorders increase, the group scored higher on NS, NS1, NS4, HA4, ST and ST1. Conclusions This study showed functional gastrointestinal disorder group exhibited higher NS, NS1, NS4, HA4, ST and ST1 scores.
2012년 한 해를 강타하며, 유튜브(YouTube) 선정 ‘올해의 비디오’ 1위에 등극한 싸이의 ‘강남스타일’은 첫 해 동안 세계 신기록인 17억뷰를 달성하였다. 싸이는 이 뮤직비디오로 전례가 없는 성공을 거두며 글로벌 마켓에서 K팝과 한류의 위상을 한껏 높였다. 본 연구에서는 싸이의 ‘강남스타일’ 뮤직비디오에 반응하는 전두엽의 뇌 반응을 뇌파 측정기(EEG: Electroencephalogram)와 기능성근적외선분광뇌영상(fNIRS: functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy)을 이용하여 측정하였다. 실험 1에서는 뇌파 측정을 위해, 유튜브 조회수가 가장 높은 수준의 뮤직비디오인 싸이의 ‘강남스타일’과 ‘젠틀맨’(유튜브 조회수 최상위 2개)을 선정하고, 대조되는 실험 자극으로서 같은 시기에 나왔으나 유튜브 조회수가 낮은 대조뮤직 비디오를 두 편(‘It’s cold in the D.’와 ‘Bitch, don’t kill my vibe’)을 선정하여, 42명의 피험자들이 네 가지 비디오를 시청하게 하였다. 뇌파분석 결과 싸이 뮤직비디오의 경우, 저주파에 해당하는 알파 대역에서 파워스펙트럼밀도(PSD: power spectral density) 값이 대조뮤직비디오보다 낮게 나타나는 경향을 보였다. 알파 대역은 시각적 자극에 대한 주의 정도와 역상관을 보이는 주파수 대역으로 선행 뇌 과학 연구에서 알려져 있다. 실험 2에서는 fNIRS로 측정된 전두엽의 옥시헤모글로빈(oxy-Hb) 농도 변화 반응의 파워스펙트럼밀도를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 강남스타일을 1분간 연속 시청한 경우 생성된 파워값이 대조 뮤직비디오인 ‘It’s cold in the D.’를 볼 때 보다 상대적 저주파( 0.1Hz)구간에서 더 크게 나타났다. 이 같은 결과는 향후 미디어 시장에서의 컨텐츠 성공 가능성을 미리 가늠해 볼 수 있는 지표로써 활용이 가능할 것으로 여겨져, 앞으로 뉴로마케팅의 성장이 기대된다.
본 연구는 만성질환자 노인의 피로, 우울 및 신체활동의 정도와 그 관계를 밝히고, 우울 및 신체활동이 피로에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위한 서술적 조사 연구이다. 연구 대상자는 경북지역의 3곳의 의료기관 외래를 방문한 500명의 만성질환 노인이었으며, 자료는 일반적 특성, 피로, 우울과 신체활동에 관한 설문지를 통해 수집되었다. 수집된 자료는 ANOVA, t-test, sheffe test, pearson's correlation coefficient와 hierarchial regression으로 분석하였다. 연구결과 만성질환자의 피로는 우울과는 음의 상관관계를, 신체활동 정도와는 양의 상관관계를 보였고, 일반적 특성과의 차이비교에서는 연령과 성별, 학력에서 차이가 있었다. 또한 피로와 차이를 보인 연령, 성별 및 학력을 통제하기 위해 위계적 회귀분석을 실시한 결과 1단계 모형에서 연령, 성별 및 학력은 피로에 6%의 영향력을 가지고 있었고, 2단계 모형에서는 우울과 신체활동은 만성질환 노인의 피로에 16%의 영향력을 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 만성질환자 노인의 피로는 우울 및 신체활동에 영향을 받으므로 우울의 중재와 신체활동 향상를 위한 노력은 피로를 감소시키는 데에 도움이 될 수 있다. 따라서 만성질환을 가진 노인에 대한 피로 중재에는 우울을 감소시키기 위한 방안과 신체활동을 증가시킬 수 있는 전략이 함께 포함되어야 할 것이다. 본 연구 결과는 만성질환 노인의 피로 정도를 감소시키기 위한 전략을 개발하는 데에 기초자료로 활용할 수 있다. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship among the variables and effects of depression and physical activity on fatigue in the elderly with chronic disease. A descriptive research design was employed in this study. In total, 500 elderly patients diagnosed with chronic disease were selected from 3 medical centers for the study. The measurements were used to examine their general characteristics, fatigue, depression, and physical activity. To analyze the data, statistical analyses, including ANOVA, t-test, Scheffe's test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and hierarchical regression analysis, were conducted for the analysis of the data. The results indicated that the age, gender, and educational level in the first step model explained 6% of the effect on fatigue among the elderly with chronic disease. In addition, depression and physical activity in the second step model explained 16% of the effect on fatigue. These findings demonstrate the significance of (considering) depression and physical activity related to care plans when developing health-programs for decreasing fatigue and planning intervention strategies.
On 25 September 2018, Professor Charles (Chuck) Berger passed away. Because Chuck made immensely valuable contributions to the field, including to both the International Communication Association (ICA) and Human Communication Research (HCR), the two of us thought that it would be fitting to write a tribute to Chuck’s accomplishments, to be included in an issue of HCR. After checking with the ICA Publication Committee, we wrote this testimonial. Because we worked with Chuck at different times and in different roles, the comments reflect our personal experiences to some degree; however, our contact with others who knew Chuck well lead us to believe that they are shared experiences. Chuck was very mindful of the various facets of the scholarly role, and strove to fulfill each at a high level of excellence. We will focus on four key ones: researcher, editor, professional citizen, and mentor. Chuck was a first-rate researcher. His research generally investigated how cognitive processes influence communication. Within that broad orientation, he pursued several research programs. Early in his career, he studied how individuals reduce their uncertainty prior to and during initial interactions. With Richard Calabrese, he published an article in HCR that laid out the axioms of Uncertainty Reduction Theory (URT) and, subsequently, with a variety of coauthors, he published research that examined uncertainty reduction strategies. Although URT was, to some degree, limited to a specific context, subsequent research found aspects of URT were useful for understanding interactions in other contexts. Researchers who studied close relationships uncovered uncertainty-arousing events and, most recently, scholars identified how relational turbulence can affect uncertainty and relational well-being. Researchers interested in organizations studied how newly hired employees coped with their uncertainty as they attempted to fit in. Scholars investigating cross-cultural encounters, as well as those examining relationship formation and development via computer-mediated communication, also found the URT was a valuable perspective for guiding their research. Not all of the axioms of URT were confirmed, but there is strong evidence of the theory’s heuristic value across contexts.
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