A list of 69 differentially regulated orphan genes found in CYSDV whiteflies compared to VF whiteflies following feeding for 72â h and 7â days. (XLSX 21 kb)
a. KEGG annotation, KO, and score values of the 28 genes out of a total of 82 up-regulated in CYSDV whiteflies versus virus-free whiteflies at 72 h. b. Pathway reconstruction results from the 28 genes out of a total of 82 up-regulated in CYSDV whiteflies versus virus-free whiteflies at 72 h. c. KEGG annotation, KO, and score values of the 40 genes out of a total of 139 down-regulated in CYSDV whiteflies versus virus-free whiteflies at 72 h. d. Pathway reconstruction results from the 40 genes out of a total of 139 down-regulated in CYSDV whiteflies versus virus-free whiteflies at 72 h. e. KEGG annotation, KO, and score values of the 12 genes out of a total of 49 up-regulated in CYSDV whiteflies versus virus-free whiteflies at 7 d. f. Pathway reconstruction results from the 12 genes out of a total of 49 up-regulated in CYSDV whiteflies versus virus-free whiteflies at 7 d. (XLSX 49 kb)
The patterning of adaxial-abaxial tissues plays a vital role in the morphology of lateral organs, which is maintained by antagonism between the genes that specify adaxial and abaxial tissue identity. The homeo-domain leucine zipper class III (HD-ZIP III) family genes regulate adaxial identity; however, little information is known about the physical interactions or transcriptionally regulated downstream genes of HD-ZIP III. In this study, we identified a dominant rice mutant, lateral floret 1 (lf1), which has defects in lateral organ polarity. LF1 encodes the HD-ZIP III transcription factor, which expressed in the adaxial area of lateral organs. LF1 can activate directly the expression of LITTLE ZIPPER family gene OsZPR4 and HD-ZIP II family gene OsHOX1, and OsZPR4 and OsHOX1 respectively interact with LF1 to form a heterodimer to repress the transcriptional activity of LF1. LF1 influences indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content by directly regulating the expression of OsYUCCA6. Therefore, LF1 forms negative feedback loops between OsZPR4 and OsHOX1 to affect IAA content, leading to the regulation of lateral organs polarity development. These results reveal the cross-talk among HD-ZIP III, LITTLE ZIPPER, and HD-ZIP II proteins and provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the polarity development of lateral organs.
Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV; genus Crinivirus, Closteroviridae) is transmitted in a semipersistent manner by the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, and is efficiently transmitted by the widely prevalent B. tabaci cryptic species, MEAM1. In this study, we compared transcriptome profiles of B. tabaci MEAM1, after 24 h, 72 h and 7 days of acquisition feeding on melon plants infected with CYSDV (CYSDV-whiteflies) with those fed on virus-free melon, using RNA-Seq technology. We also compared transcriptome profiles with whiteflies fed on tomato plants separately infected with Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV), a crinivirus closely related to CYSDV, and Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a member of the genus Begomovirus, which has a distinctly different mode of transmission and their respective virus-free controls, to find common gene expression changes among viruliferous whiteflies feeding on different host plants infected with distinct (TYLCV) and related (CYSDV and ToCV) viruses.A total of 275 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in CYSDV-whiteflies, with 3 DEGs at 24 h, 221 DEGs at 72 h, and 51 DEGs at 7 days of virus acquisition. Changes in genes encoding orphan genes (54 genes), phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins (PEBP) (20 genes), and AAA-ATPase domain containing proteins (10 genes) were associated with the 72 h time point. Several more orphan genes (20 genes) were differentially expressed at 7 days. A total of 59 common DEGs were found between CYSDV-whiteflies and ToCV-whiteflies, which included 20 orphan genes and 6 lysosomal genes. A comparison of DEGs across the three different virus-host systems revealed 14 common DEGs, among which, eight showed similar and significant up-regulation in CYSDV-whiteflies at 72 h and TYLCV-whiteflies at 24 h, while down-regulation of the same genes was observed in ToCV-whiteflies at 72 h.Dynamic gene expression changes occurred in CYSDV-whiteflies after 72 h feeding, with decreased gene expression changes associated with 7 days of CYSDV acquisition. Similarities in gene expression changes among CYSDV-whiteflies, ToCV-whiteflies and TYLCV-whiteflies suggest the possible involvement of common genes or pathways for virus acquisition and transmission by whiteflies, even for viruses with distinctly different modes of transmission.
As the third-generation vaccine,DNA vaccine has so many advantages that there will be a promising future when applied in aquaculture.The immunity accelerant of amylose is able to directly react with the cell system that is related to the activation of the immune system,and improve the immunity of the organisms,which has been widely applied in the shrimp aquaculture.The article made simple introduction about DNA vaccine and the immunity accelerant of amylose,and carried on forecast to Palaemon aquaculture.
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