Previous studies have shown that High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is effective in improving maximal oxygen uptake, blood pressure, and physical health-related indicators in older adults. However, whether HIIT is more effective in improving cardiorespiratory fitness and exercise capacity in older adults compared with Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise (MICT) remains controversial. This review and META analysis assessed the outcomes associated with HIIT on cardiorespiratory fitness and exercise capacity in older adults by searching five electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, and Cochrane Library) (built to July 2022). Relevant studies were included using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool; statistical analyses were performed using REVMAN software.
To determine prevalence and predictors of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use disclosure to health care providers and whether CAM use disclosure is associated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) adherence among HIV-infected women, we analyzed longitudinal data collected between October 1994 and March 2002 from HIV-infected CAM-using women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Repeated measures Poisson regression models were constructed to evaluate associations of selected predictors with CAM use disclosure and association between CAM use disclosure and HAART adherence. A total of 1,377 HIV-infected women reported CAM use during study follow-up and contributed a total of 4,689 CAM-using person visits. The overall prevalence of CAM use disclosure to health care providers was 36% across study visits. Women over 45 years old, with a college education, or with health insurance coverage were more likely to disclose their CAM use to health care providers, whereas women identified as non-Hispanic Black or other ethnicities were less likely to communicate their CAM usage. More health care provider visits, more CAM domains used, and higher health care satisfaction scores had significant relationships with increased levels of CAM use disclosure. Restricting analysis to use of herbal or nonherbal medications only, similar results were obtained. Compared to other CAM domains, mind-body practice had the lowest prevalence of CAM use disclosure. Additionally, CAM use disclosure was significantly associated with higher HAART adherence. From this study, we showed that a high percentage of HIV-infected women did not discuss their CAM use with health care providers. Interventions targeted towards both physicians and patients may enhance communication of CAM use, avoid potential adverse events and drug interactions, and enhance HAART adherence.
Tongue color is an important tongue diagnostic index for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Due to the individual experience of TCM experts as well as ambiguous boundaries among the tongue color categories, there often exist noisy labels in annotated samples. Deep neural networks trained with the noisy labeled samples often have poor generalization capability because they easily overfit on noisy labels. A novel framework named confident-learning-assisted knowledge distillation (CLA-KD) is proposed for tongue color classification with noisy labels. In this framework, the teacher network plays two important roles. On the one hand, it performs confident learning to identify, cleanse and correct noisy labels. On the other hand, it learns the knowledge from the clean labels, which will then be transferred to the student network to guide its training. Moreover, we elaborately design a teacher network in an ensemble manner, named E-CA 2 -ResNet18, to solve the unreliability and instability problem resulted from the insufficient data samples. E-CA 2 -ResNet18 adopts ResNet18 as the backbone, and integrates channel attention (CA) mechanism and activate or not activation function together, which facilitates to yield a better performance. The experimental results on three self-established TCM tongue datasets demonstrate that, our proposed CLA-KD can obtain a superior classification accuracy and good robustness with a lower network model complexity, reaching 94.49%, 92.21%, 93.43% on the three tongue image datasets, respectively.
To compare the effects of pulsating and static cupping on non-specific neck pain and local skin microcirculation blood perfusion, which is a pilot study. Seventy participants with non-specific neck pain were randomized to the following groups: low-frequency pulsating cupping (LF, n = 20); high-frequency pulsating cupping (HF, n = 20); static cupping (SC, n = 20), or waiting list (WL, n = 10). The LF, HF, and SC received a bilateral 10-minute cupping treatment at Jianzhongshu (SI 15). Outcomes were pain intensity (visual analog scale, VAS), functional status (Neck Disability Index, NDI), and skin blood perfusion at the SI 15, Dazhui (GV 14), and Shenzhu (GV 12) acupoint areas, measured using Laser Speckle Contrast Analysis technology. Both LF and HF groups showed a significant reduction in VAS scores compared with the SC group (9.00, 95% CI 1.05–16.95, P = .027; 8.75, 95% CI 0.80–16.70, P = .031). There was no significant difference in VAS scores between the LF and HF groups (P > .05) and between NDI scores measured 3 days after intervention among the four groups (P > .05). In the SI 15 area, blood perfusion in the three treatment groups was higher than that in WL group (P < .01), and the perfusion unit (PU) of the HF pulsating group at 5 minutes after intervention was significantly higher compared with the SC group (P < .05). In the GV 14 area, blood perfusion in the two pulsating cupping groups was higher compared with the WL and SC groups after cupping (P < .05). In the GV 12 area, the PU of the LF group was higher compared with the other three groups only at the time of cup removal (P < .05). This study showed that pulsating cupping may have more favorable analgesic effects on non-specific neck pain compared with static cupping, which may be related to its better effect on improving the local skin blood perfusion.
Posttraumatic headache (PTH) after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common clinical symptom, which refers to a headache that occurs after TBI. Acupuncture is often used for the treatment of such patients in China, and significant clinical effects have been achieved. However, to date, its efficacy has not been methodically evaluated. The purpose of this systematic review is to provide evidence to prove the effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of PTH in patients with TBI.This systematic review will be conducted in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols. The following electronic databases will be searched from their inception to February 2022: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library, and Chinese databases such as Chinese Biomedical Literature (CBM), Chinese Medical Current Content (CMCC), Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP), WanFang Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). No language restrictions will be applied to the search strategy. Randomized controlled trials and cohort and case-control studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria will be included in this study. The meta-analysis will be performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Each session of this systematic review will be conducted independently by 2 members.This review evaluates the efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of PTH after TBI.This review provides substantial evidence for the clinical application of acupuncture in PTH treatment after TBI.Since the data in this study will be retrieved from published trials, therefore the Patient Consent Statement and Ethical Approval are not required. We will disseminate our results by publishing the research in a peer-reviewed journal.The protocol was registered in INPLASY (INPLASY 202220073).
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