Abstract Cold atmospheric pressure plasmas (CAPs) have a promising application in cancer treatment, the needle‐ring electrodes plasma jet is one of the common CAPs sources. Here, we compared the discharge characteristics and anticancer effects in two plasma jets: solid electrode and hollow electrode with six working gases (He, He + 0.5%O 2 , He + 0.5%N 2 , Ar, Ar + 0.5%O 2 , and Ar + 0.5%N 2 ). The results show the solid plasma jet is slightly stronger according to discharge image, optical emission spectroscopy, and concentration of H 2 O 2 and NO 2 − . We used the leukemia cell THP‐1 as the model to detect the anticancer effect, cell viability assay demonstrated a solid electrode plasma jet with He + 0.5%N 2 has less cell survival. Moreover, apoptosis increased significantly as the plasma treatment time and Cleaved‐PARP1 upregulated, SOD1 and p21 downregulated in a time‐dependent manner. Our work suggested that a solid electrode plasma jet with He + 0.5%N 2 may be a novel therapeutic method for acute myeloid leukemia.
<p>Raw data 3-Supplementary Zip including supplementary tables with the qRT-PCR data from the patient cohorts with the amplification profile data (validation cohort)</p>
Due to the uncertainty of the green product market, the manufacturers assume enormous R&D and manufacturing risks.Under such background, the problem regarding the cooperation between the manufacture and the retailer becomes an important factor influencing the decisions and the profits of the two parties.In allusion to such problem, the revenue sharing contract is proposed in this article to promote the deep cooperation between the manufacturer and the retailer.Firstly, in consideration of such factors as product greenness and risk avoidance, the centralized decision-marking model and the manufacturer predominated Stackelberg game model are established, wherein the supply chain efficiency of the latter model is discovered to be less than that of the former model.Therefore, the revenue sharing contract is proposed to coordinate the green supply chain so as to make the overall profit and efficiency of the supply chain reach the corresponding level of the centralized decision-making model.Finally, the numerical experiment is carried out to verify the effectiveness and the reliability of the proposed revenue sharing contract.The experiment result shows that the revenue contract can well coordinate the cooperative relationship between the manufacturer and the retailer and meanwhile maximally improve the utilities and the profits for the two parties.
The antimicrobial effects and mechanism of helium atmospheric‐pressure plasma jet (APPJ) treatment on Staphylococcus aureus biofilms are evaluated in vitro . The S. aureus biofilms are more resistant to the plasma treatment than adherent bacteria. The APPJ‐treated S. aureus biofilms disclose a depth/layer‐related intra‐bacterial ROS accumulation effect. Plasma exposure may induce bacterial oxidative stress and trigger the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the biofilms, which possibly contributes to bacteria death in addition to direct etching from the exterior of bacteria. The findings provide insights into the mechanism of biofilm inactivation by plasma reactive species and plasma‐induced intracellular ROS.
Abstract Ceramic aerogels can maintain excellent thermal insulation performance under extreme conditions due to their outstanding pore structure and specific surface area. However, the current application of ceramic aerogels is limited by their brittleness, easy collapse of the structure under external forces, and insufficient mechanical properties. In this study, ceramic nanofiber aerogels prepared by PEO as a polymer were used as building blocks, and silica sol was selected as a high-temperature binder. Through the sol impregnation-atmospheric pressure drying method and calcination treatment, we obtained ceramic nanofiber composites with excellent performance. It is found that when the impregnation concentration is 0.4wt%, the thermal conductivity at room temperature is as low as 27 m W·m -1 ·K -1 , the cold surface temperature at 800°C is as low as 255°C, the tensile strength at 20% tensile strain is as high as 400 kPa, and the compressive strength at 80% compressive strain is as high as 32 kPa. Compared with the traditional ceramic fiber aerogel material, the material exhibits excellent high-temperature insulation performance and mechanical properties, which greatly broadens the application scene of ceramic aerogel.
Propranolol, a non-selective β-blocker, is emerging as an effective treatment for complicated hemangiomas. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism(s) underlying the therapeutic effects of propranolol against hemangiomas, using primary infantile hemangioma endothelial cells (IHECs). IHECs were treated with various concentrations of propranolol and morphological changes and apoptosis were assessed. Changes in the expression levels of apoptosis-related genes were examined. Annexin-V staining revealed that propranolol at 40, 50 and 60 µg/ml caused a concentration‑dependent increase in the apoptosis of IHECs. Morphological analyses revealed that exposure to 50 µg/ml propranolol resulted in typical apoptotic changes, including shrinkage, the formation of apoptotic bodies and retention of plasma membrane integrity. Gene expression analyses revealed that propranolol treatment led to a marked increase in the expression of caspase-8, cytochrome c, apoptosis-inducing factor, caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1, as well as a concomitant reduction in lamin B1 expression. Our data collectively demonstrate that propranolol induces apoptosis of IHECs through activation of the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways, which represents an important mechanism for its therapeutic effects against infantile hemangiomas.
In plasma cancer therapy, atmospheric pressure plasma jets have attracted increasing attention in recent years. In this study, from the point of view of economic costs and portability, we have employed atmospheric air as the working gas in order to investigate the effects of the rate of flow, applied voltage, frequency, and pulse width on the characteristics of discharge. The concentrations of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) in a plasma-activated medium (PAM) were characterized in order to explore their chemical activity. In addition, the inactivating effect of tumor cells induced by an air plasma jet was investigated and the corresponding inactivation mechanism is also discussed. The results showed that the discharge intensity was positively correlated with frequency and voltage, and negatively correlated with pulse width. Regarding the gas flow rate, when the air flow rate was 1 standard liter per minute (SLM), the discharge intensity was strongest according to the length of the plume. By summarizing the discharge characteristics and emission spectra under different experimental parameters, the stable treatment conditions producing rich active substances were as follows: a frequency of 6 kHz, a voltage of 14 kV, a gas flow rate of 1 SLM, and a pulse width of 1 μs. Furthermore, under these stabilized conditions, the air plasma jet produced rich aqueous RONS in a PAM effectively, which killed cells in significant numbers and reduced the cell survival rate. Therefore, this study demonstrates the potential application of an atmospheric PAM for the treatment of tumor cells and promotes a deeper understanding of plasma liquid chemistry.
Starting with the importance of user experience and the current situation of APP design in electric power industry, this paper focuses on the analysis of the current problems of user experience in electric power industry and proposes the design goal of creating the electric power industry portal APP. Then, the five elements of user experience have been taken as the design theory and method. According to the design key points of five elements: the strategy plane, the scope plane, the structure plane, the skeleton plane and the surface plane, we have been conducting the research and practice of portal APP in electric power industry, which will be provided as references for the improvement of APP products in future.
In this paper, a numerical calculation is performed for the purpose of estimating the thermal and electrical influences from bulk plasma in cathode heating modeling, in other words researching the necessity of a coupling bulk plasma in near-cathode layer modeling. The proposed model applied in the present work is an improved one from previous work.
'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(23.036 .093 25.536)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(45.87 1.273 16.18)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(69.945 .996 12.078)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(20.66 -19.689 31.932)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e)