Abstract The conventional conductive three‐dimensional (3D) host fails to effectively stabilize lithium metal anodes (LMAs) due to the internal incongruity arising from nonuniform lithium‐ion gradient and uniform electric fields. This results in undesirable Li “top‐growth” behavior and dendritic Li growth, significantly impeding the practical application of LMAs. Herein, we construct a 3D hierarchical host with gradient‐distributed dielectric properties (GDD‐CH) that effectively regulate Li‐ion diffusion and deposition behavior. It comprises a 3D carbon fiber host modified by layer‐by‐layer bottom‐up attenuating Sb particles, which could promote Li‐ion homogeneously distribution and reduce ion concentration gradient via unique gradient dielectric polarization. Sb transforms into superionic conductive Li 3 Sb alloy during cycling, facilitating Li‐ion dredging and pumps towards the bottom, dominating a bottom‐up deposition regime confirmed by COMSOL Multiphysics simulations and physicochemical characterizations. Consequently, a stable cycling performance of symmetrical cells over 2000 h under a high current density of 10 mA cm −2 is achieved. The GDD‐CH‐based lithium metal battery shows remarkable cycling stability and ultra‐high energy density of 378 Wh kg −1 with a low N/P ratio (1.51). This strategy of dielectric gradient design broadens the perspective for regulating the Li deposition mechanism and paves the way for developing high‐energy‐density lithium metal anodes with long durability.
Mg(OH)2 dissolves slowly and can provide a long-term source of alkalinity, thus a promising alternative reagent for the in situ remediation of heavy metal polluted groundwater. Unfortunately, it exhibits a relatively poor stabilization effect on heavy metal Cd due to the higher solubility of the resulting stabilized product, Cd(OH)2. To overcome this limitation, we investigated the use of MgCO3/Mg(OH)2 colloid modified by sodium polyacrylate (PAAS) to remove Cd from groundwater. Through ultrasonic dispersion, the molecular chains of PAAS are broken, causing a transformation from flocculation to surface modification, resulting in the production of a stable colloid. The colloidal particles of MgCO3/Mg(OH)2 have a smaller size and a negatively charged surface, which significantly enhances their migration ability in aquifers. The combination of MgCO3 and Mg(OH)2 provides a complementary effect, where MgCO3 effectively precipitates Cd in the aquifer while Mg(OH)2 maintains the required pH level for stabilization. The optimal compounding ratio of MgCO3 to Mg(OH)2 for achieving the best stabilization effect on Cd is found to be 1:1. Column experiments demonstrate that the injection of MgCO3/Mg(OH)2 colloid substantially enhances Cd stability, reducing the exchangeable fraction of Cd in aquifer media from 88.94% to a range of 7.08-50.63%. Based on these results, the MgCO3/Mg(OH)2 colloid shows great potential as a reactive medium for remediating Cd-contaminated groundwater.
Metal-air batteries have garnered significant research interest due to their superior energy density compared to advanced lithium-ion batteries. Specifically, Vanadium Diboride (VB₂)-air batteries stand out because of the high theoretical...
Abstract Pear ( Pyrus ), walnut ( Juglans ) and kiwifruit ( Actinidia ) are important cash crops in China. Recently, symptoms of branch canker or dieback have been frequently observed in many orchards in Henan Province and have resulted in high losses of fruit production. In this study, symptomatic branches were collected for aetiological isolation from three hosts during 2020 and 2021. Seven isolates from these hosts were identified as one novel species, based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of the concatenated sequences of the internal transcribed spacer of the ribosomal DNA (ITS), translation elongation factor 1α ( TEF ), β‐tubulin ( TUB ), histone ( HIS ) and calmodulin ( CAL ). We proposed the name Diaporthe actinidiicola and completed Koch's postulates to confirm pathogenicity. Host range evaluation indicated that D. actinidiicola could infect all inoculated fruit trees (pear, kiwifruit, walnut, apple [ Malus ] and peach [ Prunus ]) and the isolates from different hosts were most virulent on their original host. This study characterizes a novel Diaporthe species from three different hosts in China and contributes useful data for practicable disease management.
Fatigue crack propagation is one of the main problems in structural health monitoring. For the safety and operability of the metal structure, it is necessary to monitor the fatigue crack growth process of the structure in real time. In order to more accurately monitor the expansion of fatigue cracks, two kinds of sensors are used in this article: strain gauges and piezoelectric transducers. A model-based inverse finite element model algorithm is proposed to perform pattern recognition of fatigue crack length, and the fatigue crack monitoring experiment is carried out to verify the algorithm. The strain spectra of the specimen under cyclic load in the simulation and experimental crack propagation are obtained, respectively. The active lamb wave technique is also used to monitor the crack propagation. The relationship between the crack length and the lamb wave characteristic parameter is established. In order to improve the recognition accuracy of the crack propagation mode, the random forest and inverse finite element model algorithms are used to identify the crack length, and the Dempster–Shafer evidence theory is used as data fusion to integrate the conclusion of the two algorithms to make a more accountable and correct judge of the crack length. An experiment has been conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.
Abstract Background: This retrospective cohort study aims to investigate the correlation between serum phosphate levels and the severity of acute kidney injury (AKI) and to assess the impact of serum phosphate levels on short-term mortality in AKI patients. Methods: Utilizing data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV database, we conducted a comprehensive analysis on patients diagnosed with AKI. Multifactorial logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models were employed to assess the association between serum phosphate levels, AKI severity, and short-term mortality. Subgroup analyses were performed to ascertain the consistency of this association across different subgroups. Multiple imputation was used to address missing data, and a sensitivity analysis was conducted to ensure the robustness of the results. Results: The study included a total of 15,071 AKI patients. Following adjustments for potential confounders, multifactorial logistic regression demonstrated a significant correlation between the highest quartiles of serum phosphate levels and greater AKI severity (OR, 2.16, 95% CI, 1.90 to 2.46). Additionally, multifactorial Cox regression analysis revealed an independent association between the highest serum phosphate quartiles and elevated 30-day mortality (HR, 1.28, 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.46), 90-day mortality (HR, 1.22, 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.38), as well as overall mortality (HR, 1.22, 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.38) . Conclusions: This study establishes a significant link between higher serum phosphate levels, heightened AKI severity, and increased short-term mortality in AKI patients. The findings emphasize the potential clinical importance of monitoring serum phosphate levels and implementing interventions to manage hyperphosphatemia in the context of AKI.
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