A variety of multiseeding techniques have been investigated over the past 20 yr in an attempt to enlarge bulk ( RE ) BCO superconducting samples fabricated by the top‐seeded melt growth ( TSMG ) process for practical applications. Unfortunately, these studies have failed to establish whether technically useful values of trapped field can be achieved in multiseeded bulk samples. In this work specially designed, 0°–0° and 45°–45° bridge seeds of different lengths have been employed to produce improved alignment of the seeds during the TSMG process. The ability of these bridge‐seeded samples to trap magnetic field, which is the key superconducting property for practical applications of bulk ( RE ) BCO , is compared for the samples seeded using 0°–0° and 45°–45° bridge seeds of different lengths. The grain boundaries produced by these bridge seeds are analyzed in detail, and the similarities and differences between the two bridge‐seeding processes are discussed.
The Transneptunian Automated Occultation Survey (TAOS II) will aim to detect occultations of stars by small (~1 km diameter) objects in the Kuiper Belt and beyond. Such events are very rare (< 10−3 events per star per year) and short in duration (~200 ms), so many stars must be monitored at a high readout cadence in order to detect events. TAOS II will operate three 1.3 meter telescopes at the Observatorio Astronomico Nacional at San Pedro Martir in Baja California, Mexico. With a 2.3 square degree field of view and a high speed camera comprising CMOS imagers, the survey will monitor 10,000 stars simultaneously with all three telescopes at a readout cadence of 20 Hz. Construction of the site began in the fall of 2013, and the survey will begin by the end of 2018. This paper describes the observing system and provides an update on the status of the survey infrastructure.
Abstract Insulation coating is a sought after technique for REBa 2 Cu 3 O 6+ x (REBCO) based high temperature superconducting tapes in practical applications. In this work, we developed a novel technique for preparing ultra-thin and fully surrounded insulation coatings on REBCO tapes. This technique completely eliminates the risk of critical current degradation in REBCO tapes induced by high temperature curing, without sacrificing the mechanical performance and the engineering current density. We adopted CRC-PLASTICOTE-70 as insulation precursor and verified its performance as insulation coating at 77 K. Thickness effect of the insulation coating in liquid nitrogen was investigated in details. Ultra-thin coating (below 5 μ m) on REBCO tapes exhibited excellent strength during thermal shock test, while good adhesion of classification 1 was achieved (according to ISO2409-1992). A charge–discharge test was carried out on a test coil wound from as-coated tapes to assess the turn-to-turn insulation performance. The results show that a high turn-to-turn resistivity of 1060 μ Ω cm 2 is achieved by the insulation coating, which is about two orders of magnitude higher than that of its un-coated counterpart, indicating excellent insulation properties. This work provides a new idea for the development of novel insulation technology for REBCO tapes in practical applications.
Objectives: Traditional pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) and quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) models often assume uniform drug distribution across various compartments, such as plasma and tissues [Shah and Betts, 2012; Jones et al., 2019], potentially overlooking critical spatial variations that impact drug efficacy and toxicity. This poster aims to:Highlight limitations: Present case studies demonstrating the critical influence of spatial drug distribution on therapeutic outcomes.Introduce a novel approach: Showcase an advanced modeling method that incorporates spatial heterogeneity into QSP frameworks. Demonstrate applications: Provide examples of this novel approach applied in real-world pharmacometric analyses. Methods: We utilized a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling approach [Reid 2021] to simulate the advection-diffusion processes of drug transport within complex tissue morphologies. This method provides a detailed spatial resolution of the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile, which is crucial for understanding how the drug distributes in targeted tissues. Additionally, we integrated these detailed CFD-generated PK profiles with pharmacodynamic (PD) models to evaluate the influence of spatial distribution on drug efficacy and toxicity. Results: We will present the modeling results from the following applications: Gene therapy delivery to CNS tissues: Achieving uniform vector genome transduction in the brain tissue via intraparenchymal delivery of adeno-associated virus (AAV) for gene therapy.Cell adhesion for anti-inflammatory treatments: Predicting leukocyte adhesion on endothelial surfaces, influenced by hydrodynamic flow profiles and the receptor-ligand binding interactions between leukocytes and endothelial cells.Transdermal patch: Analyzing the absorption kinetics and spatial drug distribution within the stratum corneum (SC), the primary barrier in transdermal drug delivery. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the substantial benefits of integrating Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) with traditional pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) and quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) models. This integration enhances the spatial resolution of drug distribution within target tissues, providing critical insights into drug efficacy and toxicity. The use of our CFD-enhanced PK/PD and QSP models (CFD-PK/PD and CFD-QSP) offers a more detailed understanding of drug behaviors in scenarios where the spatial distribution plays an important role, significantly improving therapeutic strategies and outcomes.Citations: [1] Jones, H.M., Z. Zhang, P. Jasper, H. Luo, L.B. Avery, L. E. King, H. Neubert, H. A. Barton, A.M. Betts and R. Webster, CPT Pharmacometrics Syst. Pharmacol. (2019) 8, 738–747.[2] Reid, L., “An Introduction to Biomedical Computational Fluid Dynamics.”, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. (2021) 1334:205-222.[3] Shah, D.K. and A.M. Betts, J. Pharmacokinet. Pharmacodyn. (2012) 39:67–86.
The Transneptunian Automated Occultation Survey (TAOS II) will aim to detect occultations of stars by small ( 1 km diameter) objects in the Solar System and beyond. Such events are very rare (< 10−3 events per star per year) and short in duration ( 200 ms), so many stars must be monitored at a high readout cadence. TAOS II will operate three 1.3 meter telescopes at the Observatorio Astron´omico Nacional at San Pedro Martir in Baja California, Mexico. With a 2.3 square degree field of view and a high speed camera comprising CMOS imagers, the survey will monitor 10,000 stars simultaneously with all three telescopes at a readout cadence of 20 Hz.
Abstract Tuning substrate properties is an effective methodology to modulate the texture development of MgO films deposited by ion beam‐assisted deposition ( IBAD ) process for epitaxial oxide films. Herein, a solution deposition planarization ( SDP ) technique is employed to deposit Gd‐Zr‐O layer for engineering surface properties of the flexible metal substrate. The correlation between the Gd‐Zr‐O thin film microstructure and the IBAD ‐MgO texture is investigated. The coordinated study on atomic force microscopy ( AFM ) and reflection high‐energy electron diffraction ( RHEED ) reveal that the grain coarsening during high‐temperature sintering negatively influences the texture formation of IBAD ‐MgO. Moreover, the chemical environment of the atoms on the surface of Gd‐Zr‐O seed layer also plays a critical role, which is normally overlooked. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy ( XPS ) analysis indicates that the carbon residue and intermediate phase result in the poor texture of the IBAD ‐MgO. This phenomenon is related to the partial decomposition and synthesis reactions due to the lower sintering temperature or reduced surface to volume ratio. We demonstrate the high‐quality texture of IBAD ‐MgO layer, deposited on mono‐coated thick Gd‐Zr‐O film, by using optimal heat‐treatment conditions. The cross‐sectional TEM images present the dense Gd‐Zr‐O film with Gd 2 Zr 2 O 7 nanograins. The multifunctionalities, such as planarization, a barrier layer, and seed layer, of Gd‐Zr‐O layers are realized in full‐stacked CeO 2 /LaMnO 3 / IBAD ‐MgO/ SDP ‐Gd‐Zr‐O/C276 samples. This work demonstrates a route for simplifying the architecture of 2G‐ HTS using Gd‐Zr‐O layer and explores the effect of the surface properties on texture formation in IBAD ‐MgO layer.