Hawthorn berry has been proved hypoglycemic effect due to the presence of some α-glucosidase inhibitors. Herein, screening and identifying of α-glucosidase inhibitors from hawthorn berry were conducted, and the results showed polyphenols mainly containing quercetin (74.58%) and hyperioside (9.58%) were responsible for its bioactivity. In order to enhance the hypoglycemic effect, the combined glucose-lowering complex (DEH) consisting of hawthorn polyphenols, D-chiro-inositol (DCI), and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) was prepared, where three ingredients exerted the synergistic hypoglycemic effect to enhance glucose consumption and glycogen levels and inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis in IR-HepG2 cells. In STZ/HFD-induced mice, DEH effectively improved insulin resistance, reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG) and hepatic gluconeogenesis, and increased hepatic glycogen synthesis and storage via down-regulation of PI3K/Akt/FOXO1-mediated PEPCK and G6Pase and up-regulation of PI3K/Akt/GSK3-mediated GS activation in the liver. In summary, these findings indicate that DEH is a potential novel strategy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Glucose-lowering complex (DEH) with superior hypoglycemic effect, can effectively improve the insulin resistance, reduce the fasting blood glucose, hepatic gluconeogenesis and increase the hepatic glycogen synthesis and storage in mice, which represents a potential novel strategy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Abstract The components of the essential oil from roots and rhizomes of Valeriana fauriei Briq. and V. alternifolia Bunge were analysed by capillary GC and GC-MS. Plants of V. fauriei Briq. (sample A) and V. alternifolia Bunge (sample B) were harvested in August 2009 on the Changbai Mountain in Jilin Province, China. 44 and 39 compounds were identified in V. fauriei Briq. and V. alternifolia Bunge, respectively. α-Selinene (16.7 %) and Bornyl acetate (10.8 %) were the major constituents of the essential oil from V. fauriei Briq.. The oil from V. alternifolia Bunge was also rich in Bornyl acetate (39.1 %) and Borneol (14.6 %).
Propensity-matched retrospective study.To determine whether type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) would affect prognosis in patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS) who underwent therapeutic exercises.This study included consecutive patients with or without T2D who underwent therapeutic exercises for symptomatic DLSS from December 2018 to January 2020. Baseline demographics and clinical and radiological data were collected. The 2 groups of patients were further matched in a 1:1 fashion based on the propensity score, balancing the groups on pre-treatment factors including age, sex, leg and back pain, and low back disability. The primary outcomes included self-reported leg pain intensity (Numerical Rating Scale, NRS) and low back disability (Oswestry Disability Index, ODI) and the secondary outcomes included low back pain intensity and walking capacity (self-paced walking test, SPWT) were compared at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks.Forty-one pairs of patients were selected by propensity matching. After 6-week therapeutic exercises, patients with T2D achieved a lower improvement in leg pain at 6 weeks (NRS leg change, 1.21 ± 0.40 vs. 1.78 ± 0.52, P = 0.021) and 12 weeks (NRS leg change, 1.52 ± 0.92 vs. 2.18 ± 0.96, P = 0.007) above minimal clinically important difference (MCID), with a significant Group × Time interactions (F1,80 = 16.32, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.053). However, the two groups showed no difference in the improvement of ODI, although the sample had significant improvements at 6 weeks (ODI change 3.02 [95% CI, 2.08 to 2.77], P < 0.001) and 12 weeks ([ODI change 3.82 [95% CI, 4.03 to 4.90], P < 0.001), 46% of the patients achieved an MCID.Six-week therapeutic exercises have an inferior effect on DLSS patients with T2D. Findings from this study will provide an increased understanding of exercise treatment in patients with DLSS.
Polysaccharides were extracted from eight kinds of Chinese mushrooms using three solvents and were evaluated for their total carbohydrate, polyphenolic and protein contents, and antioxidant and anti-proliferation activities. The results suggested that all the polysaccharides had significant antioxidant capacities (EC50 ranged from 1.70 ± 0.42 to 65.98 ± 1.74 μM TE/g crude polysaccharide inhibition of ABTS+, EC50 ranged from 5.06 ± 0.12 to 127.38 ± 1.58 mg VCE/g CP scavenging of OH· and EC50 ranged from 0.70 ± 0.04 to 33.54 ± 0.49 mg VCE/g CP inhibition of lipid peroxidation) (TE: trolox equivalent; VCE: VC equivalent; CP: crude polysaccharide). The acid extracts of Russula vinosa Lindblad had the highest ABTS+ scavenging activity. Aqueous extracts of Dictyophora indusiata and Hohenbuehelia serotina possessed, respectively, the highest OH· scavenging capacity and ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation. Mushroom extracts also inhibited proliferation of HeLa and HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that the mushroom polysaccharides might be potential antioxidant resources.
Flavonoids were extracted from seabuckthorn(Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.)residue by cellulase-assisted technique.The extracting condition was optimized using response surface analysis based on single factor experiments.A mathematical model was established and analyzed by response surface methodology(RSM) to describe the relationships among mass ratio of cellulase,ratio of solutions to material,extraction temperature,pH value and extraction yield of flavonoids.The optimal flavonoids extraction conditions were:dosage of cellulase 78.9 IU/g,ratio of solutions to material 25.9,temperature 59.1℃ and pH value 3.9.Under the optimized extraction conditions,flavonoids yield is(8.48±0.16)mg/g(n=3),which is close to the estimated value 8.57mg/g attained from regression model.This model can be used to predict the experiment results well.
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