Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the influences of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) on cytotoxicity and mechanical properties of Poly-methylmethacrylate (PMMA) dental resins. Methods:Experimental PMMA resin was prepared by incorporating various concentrations of NAC (0, 0.15, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 wt.%).MTT assay was performed to investigate viability of human dental pulp cells after exposure to extract of PMMA resin with or without NAC.Cell adhesion on resin specimens was examined with scanning electron microscopy.Degree of conversion was studied with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR).Flexural strength, microhardness and surface roughness was evaluated using a universal testing machine, microhardness tester and optical profilometer, respectively.Results:Incorporation of NAC into PMMA resin significantly reduced its cytotoxicity and enhanced cell adhesion on its surface.NAC induced negative influences on the mechanical and physical properties of PMMA resin in a dose-dependent manner.The degree of conversion for all experimental PMMA resins reached as high as 72% after 24 h of polymerization.All the tested properties were maintained when the concentration of incorporated NAC was 0.15 wt.%.Conclusion: The addition of 0.15 wt.% NAC remarkably improved biocompatibility of PMMA resin without exerting significant negative influence on its mechanical and physical properties.
Animals were exposed to EMP with field intensity 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 kV/m, and 25, 50, 100 and 200 pulses; duration between every two pulses is 2s. Firstly, an Evans blue (EB) and fluorescent microscope were used to observe the changes in the permeability of BBB after exposed to different combinations of the parameters. Secondly, an electron microscope was used to investigate the effects of EMP on the ultrastructure of different areas in the hippocampus and the marginal division of the brain after injection of lanthanum nitrate. Results showed that the permeability of the BBB of the rat can be changed after exposure to EMP with a significant dose-effect relationship. With the increasing of field intensity and raising of pulse number, the number and the area of spots increased so too the intensity of fluorescent colorations. Morphological changes in BBB and nervous tissue after EMP exposure also showed dose-effect relationship. The lanthanum nitrate granules appeared in the tissue of the cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus in the EMP exposed group. The process of the granules crossing through the tight junction of capillary vessels and the phagocytosis of the granules in the endothelium cells were presented. Exposure to EMP can lead to increased permeability of BBB and could damage the endothelium cells of the capillary, resulting in increases of the perivascular space of the capillary.
Abstract For the past two decades, the function of intrabony nerves on bone has been a subject of intense research, while the function of bone on intrabony nerves is still hidden in the corner. In the present review, the possible crosstalk between bone and intrabony peripheral nerves will be comprehensively analyzed. Peripheral nerves participate in bone development and repair via a host of signals generated through the secretion of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, axon guidance factors and neurotrophins, with additional contribution from nerve‐resident cells. In return, bone contributes to this microenvironmental rendezvous by housing the nerves within its internal milieu to provide mechanical support and a protective shelf. A large ensemble of chemical, mechanical, and electrical cues works in harmony with bone marrow stromal cells in the regulation of intrabony nerves. The crosstalk between bone and nerves is not limited to the physiological state, but also involved in various bone diseases including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, heterotopic ossification, psychological stress‐related bone abnormalities, and bone related tumors. This crosstalk may be harnessed in the design of tissue engineering scaffolds for repair of bone defects or be targeted for treatment of diseases related to bone and peripheral nerves.
Horizontal duodenal papilla (HDP) is not an uncommon ectopic major papilla. The impact of HDP on the occurrence of pancreaticobiliary diseases remains unclear. Here, we explored the associations in patients who underwent magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP).
Background Polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M-protein, and skin changes (POEMS) syndrome is rare life-threatening condition associated with a clonal plasma cell neoplasm. Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical and biochemical features in patients with POEMS syndrome before and post-therapy. Methods Characteristics of demographic information, underlying diseases, clinical manifestations, laboratory indicators, and imaging examination were retrospectively collected when diagnosed and post-therapy in the patients POEMS syndrome between 2018 and 2024. Results Nineteen newly-diagnosed, treatment-naïve patients with POEMS syndrome were enrolled. The diagnosis of POEMS syndrome was re-analyzed and matched the diagnostic criteria updated in 2023. All patients presented the symptoms of polyneuropathy and positive for M-protein. Most patients suffered with hyperpigmentation ( n = 18), organomegaly ( n = 18), elevated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) ( n = 17), extravascular volume overload ( n = 15), sclerotic bone lesions ( n = 11), and hypothyroidism ( n = 10). Serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, total protein, and albumin levels were down-regulated, while uric acid level was up-regulated in patients with POEMS syndrome. Reduced triiodothyronine, thyroxine, free triiodothyronine levels were negatively correlated with urea nitrogen, creatinine, and uric acid levels in patients with POEMS syndrome. VEGF level, which was negatively correlated with Ca 2+ level ( r = −0.56), was reduced in most patients with POEMS syndrome receiving bortezomib/ixazomib and lenalidomide/thalidomide therapy. Aspartate aminotransferase, total protein, and estimated glomerular filtration rate levels were increased, while creatinine and uric acid levels were reduced post-therapy in patients with POEMS syndrome. Conclusion Patients with POEMS syndrome had impaired liver and renal function, and effective therapy might partly repair the liver and renal dysfunction.
Objective An experimental model of severe soft tissue damage was designed to simulate high-energy fracture and observe the fracture healing process following early surgery and surgery delayed by 1 week. Methods Forty dogs were randomized to Group A (immediate surgery) and B (delayed surgery). The femur was broken, and the two ends were forcefully stabbed to damage the surrounding soft tissues. The fracture was repaired using a custom six-hole steel plate. Four dogs were killed on day 3 and weeks 1, 2, 4, and 8 following bone fracture. Soft tissue and bone were examined by light and electron microscopy. Results In Group A, no callus was present at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks following fracture, resulting in atrophic nonunion. In Group B, visible weak external callus was present 1 week following fracture, and good external callus growth was present at 2, 4, and 8 weeks, leading to callus healing. Conclusion These findings suggest that the first week is critical for fracture healing. Absence of callus in the early stage is indicative of absence of callus growth throughout the entire healing process, while the presence of callus in the early stage is indicative of vigorous callus growth thereafter.
Patients with cardiac tumors may present challenges for surgical resection due to poor clinical condition. Echocardiography-guided transapical radiofrequency ablation for cardiac tumors (TARFACT) potentially offers a less invasive palliative therapy option.
This article aim to investigate the effects of electromagnetic pulses (EMP) on the changes of myocardial enzyme spectrumin in the canis familiaris. To activitives of creatine kinase(CK), creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK-mb), lactic dehydrogenase(LDH) and alpha-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase (alpha-HBDH) in the blood serum of canis familiaris were examined by Half Routine Blood Biochemical Analyses at the 1 day, 3 day, 5 day after EMP exposure ( 100, 1000, 10000 pulses). The results showed that myocardial enzyme spectrum disturbance occurred after EMP irradiation. Compared with the control, the activitives of CK, CK-mb and LDH were increased, but a-HBDH was decreased. In conclusions EMP exposure can markedly changed on myocardial enzyme activities in the blood serum of canis familiaris.
Background Pompe disease (PD) is a rare, progressive, and autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the acid α -glucosidase gene. The clinical course and molecular mechanism of this disease in China have not been well defined. Methods In this single-center cohort study, we investigated a total of 15 Chinese patients with Pompe disease to better understand the clinical manifestations, echocardiographic imaging and genetic characteristics in this population. Results The median age of 15 patients at symptom onset was 5.07 months (1–24 months). The median age at diagnosis was 19.53 months (range: 3 to 109 months, n = 15). Average diagnostic delay was 13.46 months. None of the patients had received enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). Fifteen patients died at a median age of 24.80 months due to cardiorespiratory failure (range 3–120 months). Myasthenia symptoms and severe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were universally present (15/15 = 100%). Global longitudinal strain (GLS) by echocardiography was significantly lower in these patients. After adjusting for gender, body surface area (BSA), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), E/e'ratio, maximum left ventricular wall thickness (MLVWT), left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW), left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT)gradient, GLS was independently correlated with survival time (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.702, 95% confidence Interval (CI): 0.532–0.925, P = 0.012). In our cohort, we identified 4 novel GAA mutation: c.2102T > C (p.L701P), c.2006C > T (p.P669l), c.766T > A (p.Y256N), c.2405G > T (p.G802V). 12 patients were compound heterozygotes, and 4 homozygotes. Conclusions Our study provides a comprehensive examination of PD clinical course and mutations of the GAA gene for patients in China. We showed clinical utility of echocardiography in quantifying heart involvement in patients with suspected PD. GLS can provide prognostic information for mortality prediction. We reported four novel mutations in the GAA gene for the first time. Our findings may improve early recognition of PD characteristics in Chinese patients.
In this paper, the bioelectromagnetic dose characteristics of a bounded wave simulator under nanosecond pulse were investigated. By electrostatic field simulation, the distribution of electric field in the bounded wave simulator under experimental conditions was analyzed. The results show that the local field enhancement in space is obvious. The electric field on the surface of the upper electrode under the loading voltage is obviously greater. Furthermore, the SAR value of bioelectromagnetic dose was analyzed. Under 1 pps working operation, 150 kV loading voltage and PML boundary condition, the SAR value is calculated to be 6 × 10 -5 W/kg. Besides, the bioelectromagnetic dose under non-PML boundary condition was explored. The results show that the SAR value at high voltage electrode is maximal. The difference between the maximum and the minimum is 7 dB, which is much more than the dose deviation limit of 3 dB. The results above show that the bioelectromagnetic dose characteristics of the bounded wave simulator under nanosecond pulses are correlated with the position in the simulator. Biological experiments should be carefully designed according to the results of dose analysis.
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