Abstract Tinospora sinensis ( T. sinensis ), whose Tibetan name is “Lezhe”, as a traditional medicine, is widely distributed in China, India and Sri Lanka. It is used for the treatment of rheumatic arthralgia, sciatica, lumbar muscle strain and bruises. Research over the previous decades indicated that T. sinensis mainly contains terpenes, lignans, alkaloids, phenol glycosides and other chemical components. A wide range of pharmacologic activities such as anti‐inflammatory, analgesic, immunosuppressive, anti‐aging, anti‐radiation, anti‐leishmania and liver protection have been reported. However, the scholar's research on the pharmacodynamic material basis of T. sinensis is relatively weak. Data regarding many aspects such as links between the traditional uses and bioactivities, pharmacokinetics, and quality control standard of active compositions is still limited and need more attention. This review reports a total of 241 compounds, the ethnopharmacology and clinical application of T. sinensis , covering the literature which were searched by multiple databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, CNKI and other literature sources from 1996 to date, with a view to provide a systematic and insightful reference and lays a foundation and inspiration for the application and further in‐depth research of T. sinensis resources.
This paper aims to provide a new approach to deal with the lack of shift invariance in Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), the high redundancy and the large amount of calculation involved in Undecimated-DWT (UDWT). In the paper, the author proposes a new method to achieve DWT with low redundancy and shows the advantages of multi-focus image fusion of quincunx sampling by comparing this sampling with other fusion methods. This novel me- thod could arrive at the results with better fusion and reduce the amount of calculation in the process at the same time.
Objective To investigate the impact of different reconstruction algorithms,including filtered back projection(FBP),adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction(ASiR) and model-based iterative reconstruction(MBIR,with VEO as its trade name) on image quality of the routine dose chest CT.Methods With institutional review board approval,15 adult patients who underwent enhanced chest CT examination were enrolled.Scanning parameters included a pitch of 0.984∶1,100 kVp(peak),noise index 15,auto current,40 mm table feed per rotation.Raw data were reconstructed with FBP,50%ASiR(blending of 50% ASiR and 50% FBP for obtaining noise reduction) and VEO algorithm respectively,and the reconstructed section thickness was 0.625 mm.Image noises were measured,and contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR) of thoracic aorta relative to back muscle was assessed.Image quality was assessed using a 6-point scale.Results The image noise of FBP,50%ASIR and VEO was 24.30±3.55,17.11±2.55 and 11.69±1.74,respectively.Compared with FBP,objective image noise reduced by 51.89%(P0.01) and 29.59%(P0.01) in images reconstructed with VEO and 50%ASiR,respectively.The CNR of thoracic aorta to back muscle for FBP,50%ASiR and VEO was 10.56±3.05,15.15±3.88 and 21.69±5.62,respectively.Compared with FBP,CNR of images reconstructed with 50%ASiR and VEO increased by 43.47%(P0.01) and 105.40%(P0.01),respectively.The mean subjective score of image quality reconstructed with VEO was 5.75±0.25,14.89% and 42.68% higher than that of FBP(4.03±0.72,P0.01) and 50%ASiR(4.63±0.41,P0.01).Conclusion VEO and ASIR reconstruction techniques have the ability to reduce image noise and improve image quality compared with the current algorithms such as FBP,especially VEO technique.
Objective To evaluate the rate of appearance of the vascular convergence sign in CT of axial and three-dimentional reconstruction images and its diagnostic value in differentiating benign and malignant pulmonary nodules.Methods Forty-seven pulmonary nodules were retrospectively analyzed which were confirmed histologically or by clinical survey. The rate of appearance of the vascular convergence sign in CT of anxial and three-dimentional reconstruction was calculated,and thickened vessels were judged. Results 1. In axial and three-dimentional reconstruction images,more of the vascular convergence sign were found in malignant pulmonary nodules than in benign ones without statistically significant differences (P0.05). 2. More of the vascular convergence sign were found in malignant pulmonary nodules in three-dimentional reconstruction than in axial ones with significant differences (P0.01). 3. Thickened vessels in three-dimentional reconstruction significantly outnumbered that of axial ones(P0.01). 4. Thickened vessels of three-dimentional reconstruction in malignant pulmonary nodules was more than that of benign ones with significantly statistical differences(P0.01). Conclusion 1. The vascular convergence sign is not a specific image of malignant pulmonary nodules,it is more likely to exist in malignant pulmonary nod-ules than in benign ones.2.The thickened vessels strongly imply malignant pulmonary nodules.
Objective To preliminarily study the blood perfusion and ammonia metabolism of pituitary using dynamic 13 N-NH_3 PET imaging. Methods 13 N-NH_3 PET imaging was performed on 21 subjects without pituitary diseases, 6 of them underwent dynamic PET imaging, and 8 of them underwent brain MRI in addition to PET. PET images were registered with MRI. Results The pituitary could be clearly seen in 13 N-NH_3 PET images, and being confirmed by PET/MRI image fusion. The size of pituitary was (1.07±0.17) cm×(1.09±0.15) cm×(1.14±0.17) cm, the standard uptake value (SUV) was 3.84±1.75, and the radioactivity ratio of pituitary to thalamus was 1.35±0.63. Pituitary image was seen at 10 s after the internal carotid was seen in dynamic 13 N-NH_3 PET imaging. 13 N-NH_3 was retained in pituitary, and was hardly cleaned out within 20 min. The radioactivity ratio of pituitary to internal carotid was 0.75±0.13 when the radioactivity of internal carotid was at its highest level. Conclusions The blood flow and ammonia metabolism of pituitary can be observed with dynamic 13 N-NH_3 PET imaging. Ammonia is highly extracted by pituitary, and metabolized in pituitary cells.
We investigate image quality assessment for SPECT for the case where the human observer must detect and locate a lesion in the noisy reconstructed image. The lesion can appear anywhere in a search region which may contain a complex background of hot and cold structures. Our hypothesis is that as the spatial complexity of the background increases, the performance of the human observer decreases. In this study, the background is not random, but is fixed. We consider four backgrounds with increasing complexity. Human performance is measured using a two-alternative forced-choice (2AFC) test. From the 2AFC results, one can compute a measure of human performance, the area under LROC curve. We observe that the human performance degrades as the background complexity increases despite the fact that the true background image is available to the observer during the 2AFC test. Therefore, the human apparently has a difficult time learning complex backgrounds. We also compute the performance of an ideal observer for this task, and show that it is insensitive to background complexity.
Abstract This paper deals with loosening performance of bolts of transmission towers under low frequency vibration. To evaluate the loosening performance, 30 transverse tests for bolted joint are issued, whose frequency ranges from 1 Hz to 3Hz. The results show that double-nut bolts feature better loosening performance than single-nut bolts, and the loosening performance decreases along with the incensement of vibration frequency.
Analyzed the main influencing factors of green construction in substations. Pollutions such as dust, exhaust gas, and sewage were analyzed. And electricity waste and oil consumption from the perspective of energy consumption were analyzed too. Characteristics of green construction data was studied. We established a green degree evaluation classification, and used the higher the score, the darker the green color to indicate the higher the degree of greening. Basic principles and specific calculation methods of cloud models was proposed, and we constructed a green construction evaluation cloud model. Taking the green construction of a certain substation as an example, the degree of green construction could be evaluated well. This methodology could effectively evaluate the green level of substation construction.
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