Container management frameworks, such as Docker, pack applications and their complex software environment in self-contained images, which facilitates application deployment, distribution, and sharing. Currently, container images are organized in a multi-layer file-system manner. For example, Docker uses AUFS to organize its container image storage. However, when a new version is created, all the changes are stored in a new layer via a Copy-On-Write mechanism, which can trigger a heavy burden for the network and storage. There are also other image storage approaches such as chunk-based technology. In this paper, we suggest that the container image storage system should not use one storage technology for all images, but should choose different technology for concrete images according to the image's distinct features. We design some experiments to compare the layer-based and chuck-based technology. And based on the analysis of the collected data, this paper gives some principles for the selection of image management techniques and discusses some interesting potential research topics.
Laser pulses in either laboratory or industry are typically complex objects. Unlike the classical electro-magnetic wave with uniform polarization distribution along the flat wave-front or a general vector beam under the paraxial approximation, the real light pulses, such as the pulses from the high power multimode fiber laser and the dechirped femtosecond pulses with structured wave-front, spectrum and polarization distributions, usually have non-vanishing component in the propagation direction. Therefore, the description of a general vectorial laser pulse should be implemented in multi-dimensional way, for the light is the combination of a three-dimensional(3D) vector field (electric field E) and a 3D pseudovector field (magnetic field B) in the 3D Euclidean space (R3). Here we report on a novel technique for the multi-dimensional characterization which includes the spatiotemporal amplitude and phase information as well as the vectorial features in 3D Euclidean space of the complex laser pulses, such as the intrinsically controlled femtosecond pulses with higher-order Poincaré sphere beams and vectoral spherical beams. A two-steps-based polarization-sensitive Mach–Zehnder interferometer temporal scan technique was used, at the first time, to capture the complete information of the pulses. The corresponding measurement device, placed on the collimated and attenuated beam at the laser output is consists of a special Mach–Zehnder interferometer, a polarizing beam-splitter and charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras. The reference beam with vertical and horizontal polarization is exported from the cavity and attenuated to a suitable intensity by using a neutral-density filter. After 3D phase unwrapping, removal of the reference curvature, correction of achromatic wave-front distortions, spectral phase and amplitude reconstructions, as well as the measurement for the intrinsic phase of the reference pulse, the complete information of the pulse, include the phase information of the three electronic components, will be obtained. This new measurement capability opens the way to in-depth characterizations and optimizations of the complex laser pulses and ultimately to the study of new phenomena of multimode fiber laser generated laser pulse as well as the interactions between materials and structured ultra-short laser beams.
We observed and analyzed the acid and HEBUT alkaline of Cu chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) slurry to evaluate their effects. Material analysis has shown that the planarity surfaces and the removal rate of alkaline slurry are better than the acid slurry during metal CMP processes. The global surface roughness and the small-scale surface roughness by 10 × 10 μm2 of copper film polished by the SVTC slurry are 1.127 nm and 2.49 nm. However, it is found that the surface roughnesses of copper films polished by the HEBUT slurry are 0.728 nm and 0.215 nm. All other things being equal, the remaining step heights of copper films polished by the SVTC slurry and HEBUT slurry are respectively 150 nm and 50 nm. At the end of the polishing process, the dishing heights of the HEBUT slurry and the SVTC slurry are approximately both 30 nm, the erosion heights of the HEBUT slurry and the SVTC slurry are approximately both 20 nm. The surface states of the copper film after CMP are tested, and the AFM results of two samples are obviously seen. The surface polished by SVTC slurry shows many spikes. This indicates that the HEBUT alkaline slurry is promising for inter-level dielectric (ILD) applications in ultra large-scale integrated circuits (ULSI) technology.
Two-dimensional photonic circuits with high capacity are essential for a wide range of applications in next-generation photonic information technology and optoelectronics. Here we demonstrate a multi-channel spin-dependent photonic device based on a twinning crystal metamaterial. The structural symmetry and material symmetry of the twinning crystal metamaterial enable a total of 4 channels carrying different transverse spins because of the spin-momentum locking. The orientation of the anisotropy controls the propagation direction of each signal, and the rotation of the E-field with respect to energy flow determines the spin characteristics during input/output coupling. Leveraging this mechanism, the spin of an incident beam can be maintained during propagation on-chip and then delivered back into the free space, offering a new scheme for metamaterial-based spin-controlled nano-photonic applications.
A neodymium phosphate glass regenerative amplifier is used for both pulse energy amplification and spectral broadening. After compression by a grating pair, 0.55 ps pulses of 11 μJ energy are generated at a 370 Hz repetition rate.
We demonstrate the first realization of path encoded two-qubit photonic quantum gate chip for generating Bell states, three-qubit Toffoli gate and four-qubit Controlled-Controlled-Controlled NOT gate via combining logic gates together by femtosecond laser direct writing.
The energy Internet era has revealed the inevitability of energy in the social and economic development of clean, efficient and intelligent transformation, and has accelerated the transformation and upgrading of the social industrial structure.In order to give a planning application research on the combination of urban energy planning and city conditions at prefecture-level cities, this article combines national strategic deployment, location advantages, urban development main lines and other factors that affect urban energy planning to comprehensively integrate the energy planning basis of L city, and give the energy development plan of the prefecture-level city.It focuses on introducing the five new technologies of the CIM-based urban energy planning platforms.The data of enterprises, population, water, electricity, gas, and carbon emissions required for urban energy planning are used to establish multi-dimensional urban energy planning related data resources and adopt visible display method of the energy flow.It also gives detailed application scenarios.Engineering application scenarios are taken and provide a technical research theoretical basis for cities to carry out energy planning application demonstrations.
In the paper, the present level of earthquake prediction in China is analyzed. With an averaged success rate (R value) of 0.330 in earthquake prediction in China from 1996 to 2000, one can see that the general prediction level in China is rather low now, the success rare is unstable, and the proportions of false predictions and failure predictions are quite high. The major factors to effect improving the level of earthquake prediction in China are as follows: the earthquake prediction in China is still the empirical type. Limited and restricted by the experiences of the people, the prediction level is difficult to improve qualitatively. Second, a relatively perfect theoretical foundation has not been established now, and the prediction method and prediction system based on the theoretical models has not been formed yet. Third, the basic observational system is weak, and a variety of physical information related to space time variation can't be provided. The analysis in the paper indicates that the theoretical study on seismicity, earthquake development and occurrence is mainly involved in 3 scientific fields of geodynamics, astrodynamics and geochemistry. And the related scientific disciplines are mainly geophysics, geodesy, geology, geochemistry and astrophysics. We should carry out a key study on the basic theories associated with seismicity, earthquake development and occurrence, and earthquake triggering within these 5 scientific disciplines. Therefore, for the need of earthquake prediction, basic monitoring should be further strengthened in order to obtain a variety of information related to space time variation from the velocity field of crustal horizontal and vertical movements, from the gravity field, geomagnetic field, stress field and crustal heat flow field in the major seismic monitoring areas in China's Mainland. Moreover, to improve the level of earthquake prediction in China, 3 high quality seismic contingents should be established, e.g. an expert contingent in earthquake prediction, an expert contingent in basic theoretical research and a contingent in seismic monitoring.
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