Clinical relevance Online family health education may be effective for myopia prevention in children, and the effects may be different between children with myopic and non-myopic parents.Background Myopia is a common cause of vision loss. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of online family health education on preventing the development of myopia in children, and to estimate whether the effects vary according to parental myopia.Methods A cluster randomised trial including grade 1 and grade 2 children from 12 primary schools was conducted in Guangzhou, China. Weekly online family health education messages were sent to parents in the intervention group. Data collection included eye examinations of children and questionnaires completed by parents.Results Among the 3123 children included at baseline (1703 boys [54.5%]; mean [SD] age, 6.83 [0.73] years), 2376 completed the follow-up after 3 years. The differences in the incidence of myopia and myopic shift between the study groups were not significant in total. However, the 3-year cumulative incidence rate of myopia in the intervention group (125 of 445 [28.1%]) was significantly lower than that in the control group (225 of 603 [37.3%]; difference, 9.2% [95% CI, −14.9% to −3.5%]; P = 0.001) among children with non-myopic parents. In parallel, among children with non-myopic parents, the mean myopic change in SER was less for the intervention group than for the control group (−1.10 D vs. −1.24 D; difference, 0.13 D [95% CI, 0.03 to 0.23 D]; P = 0.01).Conclusions Compared with children with myopic parents, online family health education was more effective in children with non-myopic parents. The incidence of myopia and myopic shift in refraction have been reduced in children with non-myopic parents. Further studies are needed to assess these differences by parental myopia.
It is urgently needed to develop non-invasive methods of diagnosing nasopharyngeal carcinoma prior to tumor formation, since over 95% of the diseases are pathologically diagnosed as Type III undifferentiated carcinomas. Studies on the single- and two-photon absorption properties of two free-based porphyrins (H 2 TMPyP and H 2 TPPS) and their zinc(II) complexes (ZnTMPyP and ZnTPPS) have been performed, of which the lowest single-photon absorption band while the largest two-photon absorption cross section are given by H 2 TMPyP. And the strongest two-photon fluorescence is shown by H 2 TMPyP. This porphyrin may efficiently get into four kinds of nasopharyngeal cell lines (NP69, CNE1, CNE2, and SUNE1) and prefer to localize in the nucleus. And two-photon fluorescence lifetime images of all the cell lines consist of a short- (τ 1 ) and a long-lived component (τ 2 ). The τ 1 peak lifetimes are shorter, the τ 2 distributions around 3.77 ns are higher for the carcinoma cell lines (CNE1, CNE2, and SUNE1) than the normal one (NP69). These results may give significant information to distinguish between the normal and carcinoma cells in the early diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinomas.
Cigarette smoking causes a variety of adverse human health effects, including lung cancer. The molecular events associated with smoke-induced carcinogenesis are thought to be related in part to autophagy. Beclin 1 is an important autophagy-related protein involved in cell death and cell survival.The purpose of this investigation was to determine the beclin 1 protein and its association with cigarette smoke and the mutation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Our study included 108 cases of non-small cell lung cancer who were admitted in our hospital. The beclin 1 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry and EGFR mutation by direct sequencing.Beclin 1 expression could be detected in 15 (13.9%) of 108 specimens. These studies investigated that beclin 1 expression was associated with heavy smoking, the gender and the histological type of NSCLC (P = 0.023, 0.035 and 0.039). No association of beclin 1 with EGFR mutation was found (P > 0.05).The results from these experiments indicate that heavy smoking may induce the beclin 1 protein in NSCLC.
Stable vesicles of an amphiphilic manganese complex of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-4-oxy(2-stearic acid)phenylporphyrin [Mn(III)TPP(COOH)] were formed in non-aqueous solution (CHCl3 + CH3OH, 4 : 1 v/v); the vesicles can be dried to produce hollow shells.
Synergistic photodynamic therapy (PDT) that combines photosensitizers (PSs) to attack different key sites in cancer cells is very attractive. However, the use of multiple PSs may increase dark cytotoxicity. Additionally, realizing the multiple vein passage of several PSs through dosing could be a challenge in clinical treatment. To address these issues, a novel strategy that enables a single PS to ablate two key sites (i.e., cytomembranes on the outside and mitochondria on the inside) of cancer cells synergistically was proposed. Five new fluorinated ruthenium (II) complexes (Ru1-Ru5), which possessed excellent two-photon properties and good singlet oxygen quantum yields, were designed and synthesized. When incubated with HeLa cells, the complexes were observed on the cytomembranes at first. With an extension of the treatment time, both the cytomembranes and mitochondria were lit up by the complexes. Under two-photon laser irradiation, the mitochondria and cytomembranes were ablated simultaneously, and the HeLa cells were destroyed effectively by the complexes, whether the cells were in a monolayer or in multicellular spheroids. With the largest phototoxicity index under the two-photon laser, Ru4 was used for two-photon PDT of in vivo xenograft tumors and successfully inhibited the growth of the tumors. Our results emphasized that the strategy of attacking two key sites with a single PS is an efficient method for PDT.
Compared to 2PE (two-photon excitation) microscopy, 3PE microscopy has superior spatial resolution, deeper tissue penetration, and less defocused interference. The design of suitable agents with a large Stokes shift, good three-photon absorption (3PA), subcellular targeting, and fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) properties, is challenging. Now, two IrIII complexes (3PAIr1 and 3PAIr2) were developed as efficient three-photon phosphorescence (3PP) agents. Calculations reveal that the introduction of a new group to the molecular scaffold confers a quadruple promotion in three-photon transition probability. Confocal and lifetime imaging of mitochondria using IrIII complexes as 3PP agents is shown. The complexes exhibit low working concentration (50 nm), fast uptake (5 min), and low threshold for three-photon excitation power (0.5 mW at 980 nm). The impressive tissue penetration depth (ca. 450 μm) allowed the 3D imaging and reconstruction of brain vasculature from a living specimen.
Objective To study the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of primary malignant melanomas of eyelid skin.Methods Retrospectively study of 12 cases of malignant melanoma of eyelid skin by pathological diagnosis at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center between July 1963 and March 2008.The clinical data and histopathologic sections were reviewed and immunohistochemical stains were performed in each case.Results The upper eyelid was more frequently the site of origin.There was no gender or side prediction.Patients ranged in age from 25 to 85 years with an average of 56.42 years.The histopathologic classification of melanomas included superficial spreading melanoma (58.3%, 7 cases), nodular melanoma (33.3%,4 cases) and lentigo maligna melanoma (8.3%, 1 case).The average Breslow thickness was 1.73mm.Immunohistochemical stains showed 12 cases (100%) were positive for S-100 and HMB45.Two of three cases with fellow-up data available died of metastatic melanoma within one year.Conclusions The prognosis of primary malignant melanoma of eyelid skin is poor.Tumor thickness, mitotic rate are the most significant powerful predictors.HMB45 and S-100 are helpful for diagnosis.
Key words:
Malignant melanoma; Eyelid skin
'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(23.036 .093 25.536)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(45.87 1.273 16.18)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(69.945 .996 12.078)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(20.66 -19.689 31.932)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e)