Abstract With the increasing demand in fields such as wearable sensors, soft robotics, tissue engineering, and wound dressings, the development of hydrogels with strong adhesion in wet environments has become a critical focus of research. However, most existing adhesive materials lack the ability to transition rapidly and reversibly between the adhesive and nonadhesive states, and their adhesion is often limited to a single wet environment. In this study, a smart interfacial adhesive hydrogel with tunable adhesion properties across diverse liquid environments is presented. By tailoring interchain interactions and leveraging electrostatically induced traction between hydrophilic and hydrophobic chain segments, the hydrogel achieves reversible adhesion modulation in response to temperature changes while maintaining strong wet adhesion. Notably, its adhesive strength at elevated temperatures (45 °C) is approximately three times greater than at lower temperatures (5 °C). The adhesive hydrogel exhibits an adhesive strength of 227 kPa in aqueous environments and 213 kPa in oil‐containing environments. This innovative design strategy enables the hydrogel to exhibit broad switchable, and dynamic wet adhesion capabilities, unlocking significant potential for a wide range of applications.
Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is one of the easily overlooked risk factors of stroke. It has a high incidence among the patients suffering from stroke and those who with high risk factors for stroke. If SDB was not cured on time, it will hinder the rehabilitation process of stroke, prolong the length of stay in hospital, affect outcomes of treatment and increase the recurrence rate. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2016.03.012
The efficacy of benzodiazepines to terminate electrographic status epilepticus (SE) declines the longer a patient is in SE. Therefore, alternative methods for ensuring complete block of SE and refractory SE are necessary. We compared the ability of diazepam and a subanesthetic dose of urethane to terminate prolonged SE and mitigate subsequent pathologies. Adult Sprague Dawley rats were injected with diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) to induce SE. Rats were administered diazepam (10 mg/kg, ip) or urethane (0.8 g/kg, s.c.) 1 h after DFP-induced SE and compared to rats that experienced uninterrupted SE. Large-amplitude and high-frequency spikes induced by DFP administration were quenched for at least 46 h in rats administered urethane 1 h after SE onset as demonstrated by cortical electroencephalography (EEG). By contrast, diazepam interrupted SE but seizures with high power in the 20- to 70-Hz band returned 6–10 h later. Urethane was more effective than diazepam at reducing hippocampal neurodegeneration, brain inflammation, gliosis and weight loss as measured on day 4 after SE. Furthermore, rats administered urethane displayed a 73% reduction in the incidence of spontaneous recurrent seizures after four to eight weeks and a 90% reduction in frequency of seizures in epileptic rats. By contrast, behavioral changes in the light/dark box, open field and a novel object recognition task were not improved by urethane. These findings indicate that in typical rodent SE models, it is the return of SE overnight, and not the initially intense 1–2 h of SE experience, that is largely responsible for neurodegeneration, accompanying inflammation, and the subsequent development of epilepsy.
Preparing carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method can dramatically reduce the deposition temperature, which makes it possible for in-situ fabrication of CNT-based nanoelectronic devices. In this paper, up to date research progress of CNT arrays prepared by PECVD method was presented, including radio frequency PECVD, direct current PECVD and microwave PECVD. Then, morphology and quality of CNT arrays were compared. In the end, we analyzed the possible challenges encountered through CNT array preparation by PECVD method at the moment and in the future.
To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of Jingu three-needle therapy combined with Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture on complex regional pain syndrome typeⅠ(CRPS-Ⅰ) after stroke.A total of 96 patients with CRPS-Ⅰ after stroke were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 48 cases in each one. In the control group, based on the routine treatment, Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture was applied at Neiguan (PC 6), Shuigou (GV 26), Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and other supplementary acupoints, once a day, 6 times a week for 3 weeks. Based on the treatment in the control group, Jingu three-needle therapy was added at coracoid process, greater tuberosity of humerus and infraglenoid tubercle, the muscular fascia was released by fan-shaped separation technique for 3-6 times, and the treatment was given once every 2 days, 3 times a week for 3 weeks. Visual analogue scale (VAS) score, hand swelling level, Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) score and Barthel index score were observed to evaluate the pain and swelling severity, motor function and living ability of patients before and after treatment.① Compared before treatment, the VAS score, hand swelling level, the FMA score and the Barthel index after treatment and 40 days after treatment were improved in both of the two groups (P<0.01). ② After treatment, the VAS score in the observation group was superior to the control group (P<0.01), 40 days after treatment, the VAS and FMA scores in the observation group were superior to the control group (P<0.01). ③ There were no significant differences after treatment and 40 days after treatment of the hand swelling level and the Barthel index between the two groups (P>0.05).Jingu three-needle therapy combined with Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture can improve the pain severity and the motor function of affected limbs in patients with CRPS-Ⅰ after stroke, and the therapeutic effect may be sustained for a long term. However, the treatment seems to be ineffectual on extremity swelling.
In this paper detailed discussion is conducted for the classification method ofthe uncertainty components in Recommendation INCi (1980) dealing with the description of uncertainty by the BIPM The active meaning and its limitations for classification of uncetainty components by estimation method are analysed. Its function difference is pointed out from the traditional classification method which cannot be replaced by each other. It is insufficient to classify every uncertainty component only by estimation method because the discussion on randomness and systematics are unavoidable and it is dealt with certain problems ofdescription of uncertainty.
Abstract The charge screening caused by ionic strength always brings about negative effects. Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) (PHMB) was found to possess screening-enhanced effect and could effectively overcome charge screening limitations. However, the mechanism of action is unknown. We hereby combine flocculation experiments and theoretical simulations through density functional theory and molecular simulation to unravel the screening-enhanced effect. The biguanide groups of PHMB serve as primary active adsorption sites and activate the hydrogen atom in neighboring alkyl chains, which raises the binding possibility in the flocculation process. Electrolyte ions hardly affect the weak interactions but increase PHMB inter-segment stacking absorption and promote the hydrophobic effect of flocculation complexes, thereby enhancing the flocculation performance. The results suggest that the binding forces primarily arose from dispersion-dominant weak interactions, indicating a weak-interaction-dependent mechanism. This study may lay a solid foundation for developing screening-enhanced materials with the powerful capabilities of anti-charge screening limitations for specific application scenarios.
Socks fabrics seem a minor clothing in apparel categories but are indispensable item for daily activities for users. The function of socks is either for heat insulation of body temperature in cold weather or heat releasing to keep thermal neutral for foot in hot weather. Socks with good quality are conducive to prevent foot disease or smelly odor from foot. The wearing comfort of socks can be affected by the fabric properties of thermal transfer. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between the fabric parameters and thermal conductivity property of knitted socks fabric. The physical test on commercial socks fabric was carried out in standard condition atmosphere. It was found that the thermal conductivity of fabric was positively proportional to yarn count and thickness.
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