The gastric digestion behavior of different commercial Stage 1 infant formulae (for 0-6 months) with different formulation backgrounds was investigated using an
Under the "dual carbon" goal and background, as the scale of investment and construction of new energy projects and grid-connected transmission continue to increase, the safe operation of the power system and power market transactions will usher in new opportunities and challenges. Based on the micro-grid Day-ahead-real-time market two-stage transaction design theory, this paper proposes a micro-grid Day-ahead-real-time market two-stage rolling adjustment optimization transaction mechanism based on system security operation constraints, and briefly analyzes the income situation.
Halophilic and alkaliphilic microalgal strain SAE1 was isolated from the saline-alkaline soil of Songnen Plain of Northeast China.Morphological observation revealed that SAE1 has a simple cellular structure, single cell, spherical, diameter of 4~6um, cell wall of about 0.22um thick, two chloroplasts and one nucleus.Analysis of the phylogenetic tree constructed by 18S sequence homology suggests that SAE1 is highly homologous to Nannochloris sp.BLD-15, with only four base substitutions in the homologous region.SAE1 was initially considered as Nannochloris sp.Analysis of the halophilic and alkaliphilic characteristics of SAE1 indicates that it can grow under 1 M NaHCO 3 and NaCl concentrations, with optimal growth under 400 mM NaHCO 3 and 200 mM NaCl.The intracellular ultrastructure of SAE1 significantly changed after NaCl and NaHCO 3 treatments.A large number of starch grains accumulated after treatment with 400 mM NaHCO 3 in cells, but few were found after treatment with 200 mM NaCl and none in the living condition without treatment.We conjectured that one of the metabolic characteristics of alkaliphilic (NaHCO 3 ) microalga SAE1 is the formation of massive starch grains, which induce glycerol anabolism and increase osmotic pressure , thereby enhancing its ability to resist saline-sodic conditions.This feature of alkaliphilic (NaHCO 3 ) microalga SAE1 contributes to its growth in the carbonate soil of Songnen Plain.
Abstract Background: Biomass lignocellulose provide abandon cellulosic material for bioenergy. The synergy effect of the cellulase system still needs more attention to make it more efficient. Exocellulase was less of studies in former studies, especially recombinant exocellulase from bacteria. Results: An exocellulase Cbh -A from strain B. subtilis 1AJ3 was cloned and expressed in E.coli BL21. By sequence analysis, Cbh -A contains two domains: FlgJ and SH3_8. Enzymatic properties of Cbh -A were characterized, and the maximum enzyme activity was gotten under the condition of pH 6.4 and 50℃. Moreover, the enzyme reached the highest enzyme activity and kept stable under 50℃ for 4 h. Ion metal Mn 2+ had an activating effect on Cbh -A, while Cu 2+ as well as chemical EDTA had inhibition effect. Cbh -A had widely substrates specification that it could hydrolyze β-1,3-1,4/β-1,3/β-1,4 glucan linkage, α-1,4 glucan linkage . When it took cooperation with recombinant endocellulase and β-glucosidase also from the strain B. subtilis 1AJ3, synergism effect was observed through DS (degree of synergism) value by hydrolyzing CMC-Na, Avicel, and filter paper. At the same time, the synergism effect was also examined in biomass lignocellulose by comparing the saccharification rate and DS value of each material. Conclusions: Cbh -A contained a FlgJ domain and first studied as an exocellulase cloned from B. subtilis 1AJ3. The biochemical, enzymatic properties, ion metal, and substrate specificity of Cbh -A were analyzed, and a special character of Cbh -A could keep maximum activity after pre-warm at 50℃ for 4h. Cbh-A had good synergy effect with endocellulase and β-glucosidase from the same strain in variety kind of cellulosic substrates, including simple and complex biomass cellulose. It laid a foundation of application by mixed cellulases via synergy effect, and supply new thought for the degradation of biomass lignocellulose.
Halophilic and alkaliphilic microalgal strain SAE1 was isolated from the saline-alkaline soil of Songnen Plain of Northeast China.Morphological observation revealed that SAE1 has a simple cellular structure, single cell, spherical, diameter of 4~6um, cell wall of about 0.22um thick, two chloroplasts and one nucleus.Analysis of the phylogenetic tree constructed by 18S sequence homology suggests that SAE1 is highly homologous to Nannochloris sp.BLD-15, with only four base substitutions in the homologous region.SAE1 was initially considered as Nannochloris sp.Analysis of the halophilic and alkaliphilic characteristics of SAE1 indicates that it can grow under 1 M NaHCO 3 and NaCl concentrations, with optimal growth under 400 mM NaHCO 3 and 200 mM NaCl.The intracellular ultrastructure of SAE1 significantly changed after NaCl and NaHCO 3 treatments.A large number of starch grains accumulated after treatment with 400 mM NaHCO 3 in cells, but few were found after treatment with 200 mM NaCl and none in the living condition without treatment.We conjectured that one of the metabolic characteristics of alkaliphilic (NaHCO 3 ) microalga SAE1 is the formation of massive starch grains, which induce glycerol anabolism and increase osmotic pressure , thereby enhancing its ability to resist saline-sodic conditions.This feature of alkaliphilic (NaHCO 3 ) microalga SAE1 contributes to its growth in the carbonate soil of Songnen Plain.
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Potato is susceptible to light exposure and wounding during harvesting and transportation. However, the metabolite profile changes in these potato tubers are unclear. The potato cultivars in this study included Hezuo88 (HZ88), Shida6 (SD6), and Jianchuanhong (JCH); the effects of light exposure (L), wounding (W), and the cooking process on potato metabolites were determined. In total, 973 metabolites were identified, with differential metabolites (mainly alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids) accumulated on days 0 and 2 (0 d and 2 d) in the 0dHZ88 vs. 0dJCH (189), 0dHZ88 vs. 0dSD6 (147), 0dSD6 vs. 0dJCH (91), 0dJCH vs. 2dIJCH (151), 0dJCH vs. 2dWDJCH (250), 0dJCH vs. 2dWLJCH (255), 2dIJCH vs. 2dWDJCH (234), and 2dIJCH vs. 2dWLJCH (292) groups. The flavonoid content in the light exposure group was higher than that in the dark group. The alkaloid content in the wounded group was higher than that in the uninjured potato tuber group, but the lipid content in the wounded group was lower. Importantly, only 5.54% of the metabolites changed after potato tuber steaming. These results provide valuable information for the breeding and consumption of potato tubers.
Selenium nanoparticles were synthesized with a template for membrane-based lateral chromatography. This study represented a template method for the preparation of colloidal selenium by reducing seleninic acid with ascorbic acid at room temperature in the presence of different templates, such as chitosan, konjac glucomannan, carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and gum arabic. Gum arabic was opted as the appropriate template with the concentration of gum arabic optimized to 0.25%. The colloidal selenium was clear and transparent to the naked eye, and could be stored for three months at room temperature. The selenium nanoparticles were spherical and homogeneous under transmission electron microscopy with an average diameter of 54.76 +/- 6.67 nm. The effectiveness of the colloidal selenium in detecting melamine was verified by using a melamine (MEL) test strip. MEL could be detected effectively and rapidly by the MEL test strip, with a LOD of 150 Ag/Kg in liquid milk. Moreover, the cost of colloidal selenium was lower than colloidal gold, which is currently used for this detection.
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