In this article, novel organic-inorganic hybrid material, 2-fluorobenzylpyridinium tetrabromidocuprate(II) [2FBzPy]2[CuBr4], has been obtained by using a slow evaporation solution-growth method and was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectrum. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c, and the packing is governed by C − H···Br hydrogen bonding interactions, which was confirmed by the Hirshfeld surface analysis. The results of antimicrobial experiments showed that the compound possessed excellent antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.
The steam heating pipeline, as a heat energy delivery method, plays an important role in petrochemical, food processing, and other industrial fields. Research on dynamic hydraulic and thermal calculation methods for steam heating pipelines is the basis for the realization of precise control and efficient operation of steam pipe networks, which is also the key to reducing the energy consumption and carbon emissions of urban heating. In this study, the coupled hydraulic–thermal model of a steam pipeline is established considering the steam state parameter changes and condensate generation, the SIMPLE algorithm is used to realize the model solution, and the accuracy of the model is verified by the actual operation data of a steam heat network. The effects of condensate, environmental temperature, and steam pipeline inlet temperature and pressure changes on the hydraulic and thermal characteristics of the steam pipeline are simulated and analyzed. Results indicate that condensate only has a large effect on the steam outlet temperature and has almost no effect on the outlet pressure. As the heat transfer coefficient of the steam pipeline increases, the effect of both condensate and environmental temperature on the steam outlet temperature increases. The effect of the steam inlet pressure on the outlet pressure is instantaneous, but there is a delay in the effect of the inlet temperature on the outlet temperature, and the time required for outlet temperature stabilization increases by about 25 s to 30 s for each additional 400 m of pipeline length. The research can be applied to the control of supply-side steam temperature and pressure parameters in actual steam heating systems. Utilizing the coupled hydraulic–thermal characteristics of the steam pipeline network, tailored parameter control strategies can be devised to enhance the burner’s combustion efficiency and minimize fuel consumption, thereby significantly augmenting operational efficiency and fostering sustainable development within the steam heating system.
Abstract In this study, we have synthesized a novel organic-inorganic hybrid crystal 4-nitrobenzyl-4-aminopyridinium tetrachlorocuprate(II) [4NO2Bz-4NH2Py]2[CuCl4](1). The single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the crystal belongs to the triclinic space group P–1, and consists of four [4NO2Bz-4NH2Py]+ cations and two [CuCl4]2– anions. O···π, C–H∙∙∙π, π∙∙∙π, N–H∙∙∙Cl, C–H∙∙∙Cl, C–H∙∙∙O, and C–H∙∙∙N weak interactions in the crystals play an important role in facilitating the stacking and stabilization of the crystals. The different types of contribution have been quantified by the calculation of Hirschfeld surface percentage and depicted by fingerprint plots. The bulk phase purity, homogeneity, and morphology of the desired compound were checked using powder XRD, and SEM-EDX analysis. Vibrational, optical, and thermal properties were investigated by FT-IR, UV-Vis spectrum, and TG-DTA measurements of [4NO2Bz-4NH2Py]2[CuCl4](1), respectively. The low energy gap (2.41 eV) suggested that the crystal was a suitable semiconductor material for optical applications. In addition, the compound presented good bactericidal activity against E. coli and S. aureus.
Background Image guided brachytherapy is well-established for the treatment of gynaecological cancers.ICRU Report 89 recommends delineating the target volume on MR to utilise the superior tumour visualisation.At our centre, a para-axial T2 volumetric MR image taken after applicator insertion is fused with CT to enable the HR-CTV to be transferred for organs at risk contouring and treatment planning.This process needs to be accurate and streamlined.The fusion functionality from three commercially available programmes were analysed and compared. MethodsThe fusion feature on Oncentra Brachy version 4.5.1 was compared with the fusion on Prosoma version 3.3 and Mirada RTx Advanced 1.4.Six patients with Elekta Utrecht or Ring applicators were included.The accuracy achieved was compared by quantifying any difference in applicator positioning once a best-fit fusion had been achieved.Ease of use was also compared. ResultsProsoma and Mirada acheive similar standards of fusion (within 1.0mm) for both ring and Utrecht applicators.Oncentra Brachy does not currently offer manual fusion adjustment, and this results in increased time spent and discrepancies of up to 3mm.Prosoma version xx does not import highly oblique MR scans, although this has been corrected in later versions.Mirada Rtx offers a fusion package which is customisable and flexible. ConclusionThe disadvantages in using an extra computer programme are outweighed by the time saved and the superior result obtained.Prosoma has the advantage of familiarity within our department, but the fusion and contour transfer process in Mirada is more straightforward and intuitive.
This research focuses on the examination of natural fractures within underground mines, emphasizing their substantial impact on the strength and stability of ore pillars. The study adopts the Strength Reduction Method (SRM) theory and employs the Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) model, offering a novel approach to investigating the behavior of fractured rock masses. The objective of this article is to analyze the influence of natural fractures on the strength of ore pillars by employing SRM and DFN methods. The research begins by establishing a multi-level amplification program that incorporates a homogenization process. The findings reveal that, for a W/H ratio of 0.5, the strength reduction aligns consistently with empirical equations. A notable observation is that when W/H is less than or equal to 1.0, there is good agreement, but when W/H exceeds 1.0, there is a tendency to overestimate pillar strength. Subsequent investigations emphasize the significance of considering pillar development in the overall assessment of pillar forces. The study underscores the importance of integrating pillar development into the analysis, aligning with previously established research results. Therefore, by evaluating the strength and failure mechanism of columns under different aspect ratios, we studied the influence of discrete discontinuous bodies on column stability, revealed the influence of natural cracks on column strength, and provided theoretical basis and reference for the design and support of underground mines.
In this work, an organic-inorganic hybrid crystal with excellent bactericidal activity, 4-methyl-1-(2'-nitrobenzyl)pyridinium tetrabromocuprate(II) ([4Me2NO2BzPy]2[CuBr4]), was synthesized by the crystal growth by a slow evaporation method and characterized. [4Me2NO2BzPy]2[CuBr4] crystallized in the orthorhombic space group Pna21. Hirshfeld surface analysis indicated that the H···H (28.8%), H···Br/Br···H (27.0%), and O···H/H···O (17.5%) interatomic contacts played a primary role in contributing to the stacking of the crystals. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the material was stable up to 192.5 °C. The charge transfer interaction between anions and cations was explained by UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. [4Me2NO2BzPy]2[CuBr4] exhibited favorable bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.
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