Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition and antioxidants are two common strategies for the treatment in the early stage of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). In this study, extracts from nine traditional Chinese medical (TCM) herbs were tested for anti‐AChE activity by Ellman’s microplate assay and cytotoxicity by CCK‐8. Based on its excellent AChE inhibition effect and its lowest cytotoxicity, Schisandra chinensis (SC) extract was selected to do the mechanism research. SC extract protected pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells against H 2 O 2 ‐induced toxicity by improving the cell survival rate in a dose‐dependent manner. And it also showed significant free radical (DPPH) scavenging activities, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 2,2′‐Azino‐bis‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging. To confirm these results, the scopolamine‐induced mice models were utilized in this study. Compared with the positive drug (piracetam), SC could also exhibit similar effects to alleviate the mice’s cognitive deficits. Moreover, in the mice brain samples, the AChE activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of SC‐treatment group both showed a reverse as compared to model group. Taken together, these results all suggested that SC extract may be a potential therapeutic candidate for AD.
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the main microbial fermentation products from dietary fibers in the colon, and it has been speculated that they play a key role in keeping healthy in the whole-body. However, differences in SCFAs concentration in the serum and colon samples had attracted little attention. In this study, we have optimized the extract and analysis methods for the determination of ten SCFAs in both serum and colon content samples. Methanol and acetonitrile were chosen for extraction of SCFAs from serum and colon content samples, respectively. Biological samples were collected from Alzheimer’s disease rats treated by extract of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill (SC-extract) were taken as research objects. The results showed that, the relative peak intensities of SCFAs in the colon content from all groups were quite similar, and the trend was identical in the serum samples. Compared with the values in humans, the ratio of ten SCFAs in rat’s colon was similar, while the percent of acetate in rat’s serum was significantly higher. For therapy of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), SC-extract decreased the concentration of butyrate, 3-Methyvalerate, and caproate in the serum samples towards the trend of normal rats. This study may help our understanding of how SCFAs are transported across colonic epithelium in healthy and diseased organisms.
Tetracycline (TC) has received a great deal of interest for the harmful effects of substance abuse on ecosystems and humanity. In this paper, the sonochemical yield under the action of single-frequency and dual-frequency ultrasound (DFUS) was measured using the KI dosimetry method, and DFUS showed a significant synergy with a synergy factor of 3.24. The effects of different processes on the degradation of TC were compared, with DFUS in combination with peroxymonosulfate (PMS) being the most effective for the TC degradation. Free radical scavenging experiments showed that SO4•-and •OH were the main reactive radicals in the degradation of TC. According to the major intermediates of TC degradation identified, three possible degradation pathways were proposed, which are of significance for translational studies of TC degradation. Notably, these intermediates were found to be significantly less toxicity. The number of active bubbles in the degradation vessel was calculated using a semi-empirical formula, and a higher value of 1.44 × 108 L-1s-1 of bubbles was obtained when using dual-frequency ultrasound at 20 kHz (6.333 × 105 Pa) and 80 kHz (2.458 × 105 Pa). Therefore, although the yield of strong oxidizing substances from individual active bubbles decreased slightly, a significant increment of the number of active bubbles still resulted in a higher synergistic effect, and the combination of DFUS and PMS should be effective in promoting the generation of reactive free radicals and providing a method for efficient removal of TC from wastewater.
Background: Heart failure (HF) is a complex and heterogeneous manifestation of multiple cardiovascular diseases that usually occurs in the advanced stages of disease progression. The role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the pathogenesis of HF remains to be explored. Methods: Bioinformatics analysis was employed to investigate general and single-cell transcriptome sequencing data downloaded from the GEO datasets. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with NETs in HF patients and healthy controls were identified using transcriptome sequencing datasets and were subsequently subjected to functional enrichment analysis. To identify potential diagnostic biomarkers, the random forest algorithm (RF) and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were applied, followed by the construction of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to assess accuracy. Additionally, single-cell transcriptome sequencing data analysis identified key immune cell subpopulations in TAC (transverse aortic constriction) mice potentially involved in NETs regulation. Cell-cell communication analysis and trajectory analysis was then performed on these key cell subpopulations. Results: We identified thirteen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with NET through differential analysis of transcriptome sequencing data from HF (heart failure) samples. Utilizing the Random Forest and Lasso algorithms, along with experimental validation, we successfully pinpointed four diagnostic markers (CXCR2, FCGR3B, VNN3, and FPR2) capable of predicting HF risk. Furthermore, our analysis of intercellular communication, leveraging single-cell sequencing data, highlighted macrophages and T cells as the immune cell subpopulations with the closest interactions with neutrophils. Pseudo-trajectory analysis sheds light on the differentiation states of distinct neutrophil subpopulations. Conclusion: In this study, we conducted an in-depth investigation into the functions of neutrophil subpopulations that infiltrate cardiac tissue in TAC mice. Additionally, we identified four biomarkers (CXCR2, FCGR3B, VNN3, and FPR2) associated with NETs in HF. Our findings enhance the understanding of immunology in HF.
Tetracycline has received a great deal of interest for the harmful effects of substance abuse on ecosystems and humanity. The effects of different processes on the degradation of tetracycline were compared, with dual-frequency ultrasound (DFUS) in combination with peroxymonosulfate (PMS) being the most effective for the tetracycline degradation. Free radical scavenging experiments showed that O2∙-, SO4∙- and •OH were the main reactive radicals in the degradation of tetracycline. According to the major intermediates of tetracycline degradation identified, three possible degradation pathways were proposed, which are of significance for translational studies of tetracycline degradation. Notably, these intermediates were found to be significantly less toxicity. The number of active bubbles in the degradation vessel was calculated using a semi-empirical formula, and a higher value of 1.44 × 108 L-1s−1 of bubbles was obtained when using dual-frequency ultrasound at 20 kHz (210 W/L) and 80 kHz (85.4 W/L). Therefore, compared to 20 kHz, although the yield of strong oxidizing substances from individual active bubbles decreased slightly, a significant increment of the number of active bubbles still resulted in a higher synergistic effect, and the combination of DFUS and PMS should be effective in promoting the generation of reactive free radicals and mass transfer processes within the degradation vessel, which provides a method for efficient removal of tetracycline from wastewater.
Generating and ejecting hydrocarbon history of the research area is simulated on the basis of buried and thermal history.The simulation of generating and ejecting hydrocarbon history is the effective means to forecast the oil and gas potential.The generating hydrocarbon intensity cneter is Niuju Qinglongtai depression,showing the there were generating hydrocarbon center in northern section of the East Sag that is the basis of petroleum systems.There are three set of hydrocarbon rocks i.e.Shasan,Shayi and Dongying Members.The high peak of the hydrocarbon ejecting qualities of all periods was reached at the end of Dongying Member deposition,reflecting the significant influence of dextral strike slipping movement at the end of the period,which is the stronger evidence of oil and gas episode asembling.The center of ejecting hydrocarbon intensity is located in Niuju Qinglongtai depression and hydrocarbon assembled dispersedly to the side laterally,so besides Niuju Qinglongtai structural belt,Ciyutuo high rampart belt and eastern steep slope belt are also advantageous position of hydrocarbon assembling.The qualities of hydrocarbon ejecting were maximum at the end of Dongying Member deposition,account for 35.87% of oil ejecting,90.2% of gas ejecting,Shasan Member was the second,which demonstrated there are two critical moment of the petroleum systems in the area.
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