ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT1-Carboxyallenyl phosphate, an allenic analog of phosphoenolpyruvatePeter Wirsching and Marion H. O'LearyCite this: Biochemistry 1988, 27, 4, 1355–1360Publication Date (Print):February 23, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 23 February 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00404a040https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00404a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views104Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Aspartate 8-decarboxylase catalyzes abortive decarboxylation/transamination of [2-3H]aspartate with at least 17% internal transfer of tritium to the pro-S position at C-4' of the resulting pyridoxamine phosphate.In the normal /&decarboxylation reaction, at least 1.06% of the tritium from the a-position of aspartate appears in the product alanine.The enzyme catalyzes slow hydrogen exchange from the /%position of alanine but not aspartate.The replacement of the 8-carboxyl group of aspartate by hydrogen occurs in an inversion mode.These results are interpreted in terms of a twobase mechanism.
ABSTRACT Naturally‐occurring variations in the abundances of the stable isotopes of carbon and other elements can be used to understand the dynamics of natural processes in chemistry, biochemistry, biology, medicine, ecology and other fields. The use of carbon‐13 isotopic abundances as an indicator of photosynthetic function in plants has become common. The purpose of this article is to describe the physical and chemical processes that contribute to the abundances of carbon‐13 in plant materials, and to provide a framework for understanding how those processes control the isotopic contents of natural materials.
We have measured the increase in 18O content of water produced from single turnover oxidations of anerobically reduced cytochrome c oxidase with 18O2 in order to test the hypothesis that a reduced atom of oxygen, originating from dioxygen, remains bound to oxidized cytochrome c oxidase in the form of a mu-oxo-bridge between two metal components when a single turnover occurs. When water samples produced by oxidizing the reduced enzyme with 18O2 were compared to natural abundance control samples obtained by oxidizing with 16O2, all of the 18O2 reduced in a single turnover could be accounted for in the form of additional H218O produced. We conclude that neither atom of the dioxygen reduced is incorporated into the enzyme as a bridge which is stable in the absence of oxidoreductive reactions on the time scale of several minutes.
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbon-13 and nitrogen-15 isotope effects as a probe of the chemical mechanism of Escherichia coli aspartate transcarbamylaseLaura E. Parmentier, Paul M. Weiss, M. H. O'Leary, H. K. Schachman, and W. W. ClelandCite this: Biochemistry 1992, 31, 28, 6577–6584Publication Date (Print):July 21, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 21 July 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00143a030Request reuse permissionsArticle Views61Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (940 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants fix carbon dioxide at night by the carboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate. If CO2 fixation is conducted with 13C18O2 , then in the absence of carbonic anhydrase, the malate formed by dark CO2 fixation should also contain high levels of carbon-13 and oxygen-18. Conversely, if carbonic anhydrase is present and highly active, oxygen exchange between CO2 and cellular H2O will occur more rapidly than carboxylation, and the [13C] malate formed will contain little or no oxygen-18 above the natural abundance level. The presence of oxygen-18 in these molecules can be detected either by nuclear magnetic resonance (using the oxygen-18 effect on the carbon-13 chemical shift of the carboxyl carbon) or by mass spectrometry (comparing the ions at three and five units above the molecular weight with that one unit above). Studies of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in the presence and absence of carbonic anhydrase in vitro confirm the validity of the method. When CAM plants are studied by this method, we find that most species show incorporation of a significant amount of oxygen-18. Comparison of these results with results of isotope fractionation and gas exchange studies permits calculation of the in vivo activity of carbonic anhydrase toward HCO-3 compared with that of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. The ratio (carbonic anhydrase activity/phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity) is species dependent and varies from a low of about 7 for Ananas comosus to values near 20 for Hoya carnosa and Bryophyllum pinnatum , 40 for Kalancho e daigremontiana , and 100 or greater for Bryophyllum tubiflorum , Kalancho e serrata, and Kalancho e tomentosa. Carbonic anhydrase activity increases relative to phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity at higher temperature.
Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate labeled to the extent of 90% with 13C in the 4' (aldehyde) and 5' (methylene) positions has been synthesized. 13C NMR spectra of this material and of natural abundance pyridoxal 5'-phosphate are reported, as well as 13C NMR spectra of the Schiff base formed by reaction of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate with n-butylamine, the secondary amine formed by reduction of this Schiff base, the thiazolidine formed by reaction of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate with cysteine, the hexahydropyrimidine formed by reaction of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate with 1,3-diaminobutane, and pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate. The range of chemical shifts for carbon 4' in these compounds is more than 100 ppm, and thus this chemical shift is expected to be a sensitive indicator of structure in enzyme-bound pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. The chemical shift of carbon 5', on the other hand, is insensitive to these structure changes. 13C NMR spectra have been obtained at pH 7.8 and 9.4 for D-serine dehydratase (Mr = 46,000) containing natural abundance pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and containing 13C-enriched pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. The enriched material contains two new resonances not present in the natural abundance material, one at 167.7 ppm with a linewidth of approximately 24 Hz, attributed to carbon 4' of the Schiff base in the bound coenzyme, and one at 62.7 Hz with a linewidth of approximately 48 Hz attributed to carbon 5' of the bound Schiff base. A large number of resonances due to individual amino acids are assigned. The NMR spectrum changes only slightly when the pH is raised to 9.4. The widths of the two enriched coenzyme resonances indicate that the coenzyme is rather rigidly bound to the enzyme but probably has limited motional freedom relative to the protein. 13C NMR spectra have been obtained for L-glutamate decarboxylase containing natural abundance pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and 13C-enriched pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. Under conditions where the two enriched 13C resonances are clearly visible in D-serine dehydratase, no resonances are visible in enriched L-glutamate decarboxylase, presumably because the coenzyme is rigidly bound to the protein and the 300,000 molecular weight of this enzyme produces very short relaxation times for the bound coenzyme and thus very broad lines.
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