William J. Moorman

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

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Trent R. Lewis

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

Dennis W. Lynch

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

John C. Clark

University of Cambridge

Jonathan A. Bernstein

University of Cincinnati Medical Center

Raymond E. Biagini

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

Edwin A. Knecht

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

Steven M. Schrader

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

Winifred G. Palmer

U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine

R. Biagini

Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico

J. C. Clark

The University of Notre Dame Australia

Cooperative Institutions

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

United States Department of Health and Human Services

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Environmental Protection Agency

West Virginia University

University of Cincinnati Medical Center

University of Cincinnati

National Institutes of Health

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences

University of Florida

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Subchronic Inhalation of Diethylamine Vapor in Fischer-344 Rats: Organ System Toxicity

Toxicological Sciences (1986)

Dennis W. Lynch William J. Moorman Paul Stober Trent R. Lewis William O. Iverson

Subchronic Inhalation of Diethylamine Vapor in Fischer-344-Rats: Organ System Toxicity. LYNCH, D. W., MOORMAN, W. J., STOBER, P., LEWIS, T. R., AND IVERSON, W. O. (1986). Fwidam. Appl. Toxicol. 6, 559–565. Male and female Fischer 344 (F-344) rats were exposed at 0, 25, or 250 ppm diethylamine (DEA) vapor, 6.5 hr per day, 5 days per week, for 24 weeks in order to assess cardiac and other organ system toxicity. Scheduled sacrifices were performed following 30, 60, and 120 days of exposure. During the first 2 weeks of exposure, the rats exposed at 250 ppm DEA did not gain weight. After 2 weeks, however, the rate of weight gain of these rats was greater than that of controls. Nevertheless, mean body weights for both sexes of rats exposed at 250 ppm DEA remained depressed compared to controls throughout the study. Sneezing, tearing, and reddened noses were seen in rats exposed at 250 ppm DEA. Histopathologic examinations revealed lesions of the nasal mucosa of rats exposed at 250 ppm DEA (rats exposed at 25 ppm were not evaluated). These lesions of the respiratory epithelium consisted of squamous metaplasia, suppurative rhinitis, and lymphoid hyperplasia. There were no pronounced treatment-related effects on organ weights, hematology, or clinical chemistry indices except for blood urea nitrogen which was elevated in rats of both sexes exposed at 250 ppm DEA for 24 weeks. In contrast to the highdose animals, no treatment-related effects were observed in rats intermittently exposed at 250 ppm DEA for up to 24 weeks. No evidence of cardiotoxicity was seen in rats exposed to either DEA concentration for up to 24 weeks.

Diethylamine

Inhalation exposure

No-observed-adverse-effect level

10.1093/toxsci/6.3.559

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Citations (1)

The diversity of reaginic immune responses to platinum and palladium metallic salts

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1985)

R BIAGINI Inge Bernstein Joan S. Gallagher William J. Moorman Susan A. Brooks

10.1016/0091-6749(85)90750-x

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Citations (90)

Pulmonary reactivity to vanadium pentoxide following subchronic inhalation exposure in a non‐human primate animal model

Journal of Applied Toxicology (1992)

Edwin A. Knecht William J. Moorman John C. Clark R. Hull Raymond E. Biagini

An experimental study was conducted to evaluate changes in pulmonary reactivity resulting from repeated vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) dust inhalation. The study assessed pulmonary reactivity to V2O5 through the use of provocation challenges, and compared V2O5 reactivity before and after subchronic V2O5 exposure. A total of 24 adult, male cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were exposed by inhalation for 6 h per day, 5 days per week, for 26 weeks. Two V2O5-exposed groups (n = 8 each) received equal weekly V2O5 exposures (concentration x time) with different exposure profiles. One V2O5-exposed group received 0.1 mg V2O5 m-3 on Mondays, Wednesday and Fridays, with a twice-weekly peak exposure of 1.1 mg V2O5 m-3 on Tuesdays and Thursdays, and was included to investigate the influence of an exposure regimen with peaks on the development of pulmonary hyper-reactivity. The other V2O5-exposed group received a constant daily concentration of 0.5 mg V2O5 m-3. A control group (n = 8) received filtered, conditioned air. Pre-exposure challenges with V2O5 produced a concentration-dependent impairment in pulmonary function, characterized by airway obstructive changes (increased resistance and decreased flow). Analysis of respiratory cells recovered from the lung by bronchoalveolar lavage demonstrated that airway obstruction was accompanied by a significant influx of inflammatory cells into the lung. Subchronic V2O5 inhalation did not produce an increase in V2O5 reactivity in comparison to the control group, and cytological, immunological and skin test results indicate the absence of allergic sensitization. Instead, a trend toward decreased pulmonary reactivity was found following subchronic V2O5 inhalation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

10.1002/jat.2550120611

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Citations (26)

Paternal exposure of rabbits to lead: Behavioral deficits in offspring

Neurotoxicology and Teratology (1997)

B. K. Nelson William J. Moorman Steven M. Schrader Peter B. Shaw Edward F. Krieg

Litter

Lead acetate

Reproductive toxicity

Animal model

10.1016/s0892-0362(96)00221-8

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Citations (6)

Two‐dimensional electrophoretic analysis of myocardial proteins from lead‐exposed rabbits

Electrophoresis (1997)

Mark Toraason William J. Moorman Patty I. Mathias Carla D. Fultz Frank A. Witzmann

Abstract Despite reported adverse effects, the cardiovascular toxicity of lead remains controversial. The purpose of the present study was to determine if low‐level subchronic exposure of rabbits to lead would produce detectable, concentration‐dependent changes in myocardial proteins. Lead was administered to male Dutch Belted rabbits as a lead acetate solution, adjusted weekly to achieve and maintain the target blood lead levels of 0, 20, 40, and 80 μg/dL for 15 weeks. Lead exposures did not affect heart or body weights. Myocardial cocentrations of lead at sacrifice were 58 ± 25, 69 ± 23, 102 ± 62, and 105 ± 37 ng/g. Of 808 individual proteins resolved by two‐dimensional electrophoresis (2‐DE) in ventricular homogenates, 162 had coefficients of variation < 20%. A number of proteins were tentatively identified based on coordinate positions homologous to other established 2‐DE patterns. Despite variable expression of some protein spots, none of the protein abundances analyzed were found to be significantly altered ( P < 0.001) by the lead exposures studied. Therefore results show no detectable effect of a low‐body burden of lead on major myocardial proteins of the rabbit.

Lead (geology)

Lead acetate

10.1002/elps.1150181540

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Citations (11)

Subchronic inhalation toxicity of isobutyl nitrite in balb/c mice. I. systemic toxicity

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health (1985)

Dennis W. Lynch William J. Moorman Jeann R. Burg Frederick C. Phipps Trent R. Lewis

The effects of subchronic inhalation exposure to isobutyl nitrite (IBN) on body weight, selected organ weights, hematology, and gross pathology and histopathology of BALB/c mice were evaluated. Mice of both sexes were exposed at 0, 20,50, or 300 ppm IBN for 6.5 h/d, 5 d/wk for up to 18 wk. Most changes in measured indices occurred in mice exposed at 300 ppm IBN and included decreased thymus weight (females); decreased liver weight (males); decreased white blood cell counts (males); mild focal hyperplasia and vacuolization of the epithelium lining bronchi and bronchioles of the lungs (males and females). Organ weight and hematologic changes, however, were not accompanied by any observed histologic changes. In addition, elevated meths‐moglobin concentrations were detected in mice of both sexes exposed at 50 and 300 ppm IBN. Body weights were not adversely affected by exposure. These data suggest that mild tissue injury, restricted to the lung, and methemoglobinemia are the major toxic effects observed following exposures of mice to IBN at concentrations up to 300 ppm for 18 wk. No treatment‐related effects were noted in mice exposed at 20 or 50 ppm IBN, except for slight elevations in methemoglobin concentrations in mice exposed at 50 ppm.

Histopathology

Methemoglobin

Methemoglobinemia

Vacuolization

Inhalation exposure

10.1080/15287398509530708

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Citations (17)

Occupational Exposure to Acrylamide in Closed System Production Plants: Air Levels and Biomonitoring

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health (2011)

William J. Moorman Susan Simpson Reutman Peter B. Shaw L.M. Blade David Marlow

The aim of this study was to evaluate biomarkers of acrylamide exposure, including hemoglobin adducts and urinary metabolites in acrylamide production workers. Biomarkers are integrated measures of the internal dose, and it is total acrylamide dose from all routes and sources that may present health risks. Workers from three companies were studied. Workers potentially exposed to acrylamide monomer wore personal breathing-zone air samplers. Air samples and surface-wipe samples were collected and analyzed for acrylamide. General-area air samples were collected in chemical processing units and control rooms. Hemoglobin adducts were isolated from ethylenediamine teraacetic acid (EDTA)–whole blood, and adducts of acrylamide and glycidamide, at the N-terminal valines of hemoglobin, were cleaved from the protein chain by use of a modified Edman reaction. Full work-shift, personal breathing zone, and general-area air samples were collected and analyzed for particulate and acrylamide monomer vapor. The highest general-area concentration of acrylamide vapor was 350 μg/cm3 in monomer production. Personal breathing zone and general-area concentrations of acrylamide vapor were found to be highest in monomer production operations, and lower levels were in the polymer production operations. Adduct levels varied widely among workers, with the highest in workers in the monomer and polymer production areas. The acrylamide adduct range was 15–1884 pmol/g; glycidamide adducts ranged from 17.8 to 1376 p/mol/g. The highest acrylamide and glycidamide adduct levels were found among monomer production process operators. The primary urinary metabolite N-acetyl-S-(2-carbamoylethyl) cysteine (NACEC) ranged from the limit of detection to 15.4 μg/ml. Correlation of workplace exposure and sentinel health effects is needed to determine and control safe levels of exposure for regulatory standards.

Exposure Assessment

10.1080/15287394.2011.615109

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Citations (22)

Subchronic Inhalation of Triethylamine Vapor in Fischer-344 Rats: Organ System Toxicity

Toxicology and Industrial Health (1990)

Dennis W. Lynch William J. Moorman Trent R. Lewis Paul Stober R HAMLIN

Male and female F-344 rats were exposed at 0, 25, or 247 ppm triethylamine (TEA) vapor, 6 hr per day, 5 days per week for up to 28 weeks in order to characterize the subchronic organ system toxicity. Rats were weighed biweekly and scheduled sacrifices were performed following about 30, 60, and 120 days of exposure. No statistically significant treatment-related effects on organ weights, hematology, clinical chemistry, or electrocardiographic indices were observed. Body weight gain was not affected by TEA treatment. No physiologic or pathologic evidence of cardiotoxicity was seen in rats exposed to either TEA concentration for up to 28 weeks. No gross or histopathologic lesions attributable to TEA exposure were noted in any of the organs examined, including the nasal passages. This latter finding is in marked contrast to previously reported findings from this laboratory in which squamous metaplasia, suppurative rhinitis, and lymphoid hyperplasia were found in the respiratory epithelium of F-344 rats exposed to the structurally related chemical, diethylamine, under the same conditions as this study (Lynch et al., 1986).

Squamous metaplasia

Cardiotoxicity

Inhalation exposure

Metaplasia

Hematology

Diethylamine

Triethylamine

10.1177/074823379000600304

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Citations (17)

Immune responses of cynomolgus monkeys to phthalic anhydride

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1988)

Raymond E. Biagini David I. Bernstein Joan S. Gallagher William J. Moorman Edwin A. Knecht

Phthalic anhydride

10.1016/0091-6749(88)90046-2

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Citations (11)

Analysis of Emissions Collected from Four Types of Iron Casting Molds

AIHAJ (1985)

Winifred G. Palmer Richard James William J. Moorman

The levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and related compounds, phenols and particulates were determined in emissions collected from iron casting molds composed of four different types of chemical binders: furan, urethane, green sand with sea coal and phenol-formaldehyde resins in shell molds. The shell sample, with 50% particulates, contained the most water-soluble material; green sand, 25% particulates; furan, 10% particulates; and urethane, less than 2% particulate material. The portion of the particulate fraction soluble in cyclohexane varies from 16 to 36% between mold types; emissions from urethane and furan molds contained the lowest quantities of cyclohexane-soluble components and of PAH and related compounds. Phenol, which was found in all four foundry samples, was present in the highest concentration in emissions from urethane molds. Shell mold emissions contained the highest levels of 2- and 4-nitrophenoI.

Furan

Foundry

Fraction (chemistry)

10.1080/15298668591395634

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Citations (4)