Roger R. Connelly

Kodak (United States)

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Judd W. Moul

Duke Medical Center

David G. McLeod

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

John J. Bauer

Hurley Medical Center

Isabell A. Sesterhenn

Armed Forces Institute of Pathology

Shiv Srivastava

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

Paul H. Levine

University of Nebraska Medical Center

Leon Sun

University of Iowa

Henry Eisenberg

Concord Repatriation General Hospital

Jianchao Zeng

Taiyuan University of Science and Technology

Seong K. Mun

Virginia Tech

Cooperative Institutions

National Cancer Institute

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

National Institutes of Health

Walter Reed Army Institute of Research

Armed Forces Institute of Pathology

Johns Hopkins University

Walter Reed National Military Medical Center

Yale University

Georgetown University

Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics

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Reproductive problems and birth defects in survivors of Wilms' tumor and their relatives

Medical and Pediatric Oncology (1988)

Julianne Byrne John J. Mulvihill Roger R. Connelly Donald A. Austin Grace E. Holmes

Abstract In a retrospective cohort study of 47 Wilms' tumor survivors and their 77 sibling controls, female survivors had a fourfold excess risk (risk ratio, 4.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.7‐10.1) for any adverse livebirth outcome, including birth defects, compared with their sibling controls. Wives of male survivors had no apparent excess risk for problem pregnancies. The families had a number of severe reproductive problems and major birth defects, such as primary amenorrhea in two survivors, bicornuate uterus in two survivors and one control, and mental retardation in one male survivor and a male control. The son of a female survivor died after bilateral Wilms' tumors. Birth defects in the offspring of female survivors are compatible either with intrauterine constraint, possibly due to radiation‐induced fibrosis or with the complex of malformations associated with Wilms' tumor. Female survivors of Wilms' tumor appear to be at increased risk for a variety of reproductive problems, from sterility to fetal loss, early delivery, and birth defects in offspring. Furthermore, relatives of survivors of Wilms' tumor may be at risk of having associated birth defects, with clinically significant consequences.

10.1002/mpo.2950160403

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Citations (108)

Comparative studies on immunity to EBV-associated antigens in NPC patients in North America, Tunisia, France and Hong Kong

International Journal of Cancer (1977)

Paul H. Levine William C. Wallen Dharam V. Ablashi David J. Granlund Roger R. Connelly

This study compared the relative antibody titers to EBV-related antigens in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and controls from a high-incidence (Hong Kong), an intermediate incidence (Tunisia), and two low-incidence (France, North America) areas to determine which of several EBV antibodies best differentiated NPC patients from controls. Antibodies measured include anti-virus capsid antigen (VCA), anti-early antigen (EA), anti-soluble antigen by complement-fixation (CF) and antibody-dependent lymphocyte cytotoxicity (ADLC). A matched pair analysis showed that significantly more NPC patients had higher VCA and EA but not CF or ADLC antibody titers than their matched cancer controls. The comparison of geometric mean titers between NPC cases and controls was more than seven-fold (816 vs 11.5) for EA antibody and more than three-fold (359.7 vs 95.4) for VCA anti-body (p less than 0.01). A two-fold difference was seen for CF antibody to soluble antigens (27.3 vs 12.9, p less than 0.01) and a three-fold difference (2657.7 vs 870.9, p less than 0.05) was observed for ADLC. Our finding of significant differences between NPC patients from four countries and their matched controls suggest that if EBV is the etiological agent of NPC in Chinese, it is quite likely to cause the majority of NPC cases in other ethnic groups living in other countries as well.

Complement fixation test

Antibody titer

10.1002/ijc.2910200303

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Citations (18)

Prostate‐specific antigen‐detected prostate cancer (Stage T1c): An analysis of whole‐mount prostatectomy specimens

The Prostate (1997)

Thomas H. Douglas David G. McLeod F. K. Mostofi Renee Mooneyhan Roger R. Connelly

BACKGROUND Clinical and pathological staging of prostate cancer has been, and remains, problematic. Since prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-detected tumors are often discerned during “screening,” what are their significance? METHODS We analyzed 67 consecutive patients with stage T1c prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy at our institution from August 1, 1991–September 12, 1995, and who had whole-mount specimen processing. Diagnosis was determined in all cases by transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy. RESULTS The mean age of our patients was 63 years, and the mean PSA at time of diagnosis was 8.6 ng/ml (median, 7.2 ng/ml). There was organ-confined cancer in 31/67 (46%) patients; 17/67 (25%) had periprostatic fat infiltration, and of these 5 (7%) had seminal vesicle involvement. Thirty-one of 67 (46%) had positive surgical margins. Twenty-two (33%) had a Gleason sum of ≥7 in the final pathological specimen. Insignificant tumors (dominant tumor volume <0.20 cc) were found in only 4 cases. Smaller tumors were more likely to be found when the PSA was <10 ng/ml. Multifocal disease was found in 64/67 (96%) prostate specimens. CONCLUSIONS This study adds impetus to the growing realization that nonpalpable prostate cancer, detected because of elevated PSA, is rarely insignificant. Our findings add further emphasis to the fact that patients diagnosed by PSA elevation have, for the most part, significant cancer that should be treated aggressively. Prostate 32:59–64, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-liss, Inc. † This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.

10.1002/(sici)1097-0045(19970615)32:1<59::aid-pros8>3.3.co;2-x

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Citations (1)

Maspin expression profile in human prostate cancer (CaP) and in vitro induction of Maspin expression by androgen ablation.

PubMed (2002)

Zhiqiang Zou Yaoguang Zhang Denise Young Martin Gleave Paul S. Rennie

Expression of tumor suppressor gene, MASPIN, is associated with inhibition of tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Loss of or decreased expression of Maspin is found frequently in breast and prostate cancer cells. The objective of this study is to investigate Maspin expression in prostate tumor specimens and explore the mechanisms of hormonal regulation of Maspin expression in prostate tumors.Immunohistochemical staining of Maspin expression was performed on surgical whole-mounted prostate specimens. The expression of Maspin was scored on individual tumors. Correlation of Maspin expression with clinicopathological features was analyzed for statistical significance. Androgen ablation-induced Maspin expression was analyzed by Maspin promoter luciferase reporter assay and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis of endogenous Maspin expression in LNCaP cells in vitro and in animal model.Comprehensive evaluation of Maspin expression profile in multiple tumor foci from whole mounted prostate specimens of prostate cancer patients revealed absence of Maspin expression in a significant fraction (63%). However, Maspin expression is significantly higher in tumor specimens (92%) of patients treated with neoadjuvant androgen ablation therapy before radical prostatectomy. LNCaP cells cultured in androgen-depleted medium show induction of Maspin promoter activity in a promoter luciferase reporter assay. In addition, Maspin expression is increased after castration in LNCaP prostate cancer cells derived tumors in nude mice.Maspin expression is frequently absent in primary prostate cancers. Up-regulation of MASPIN in response to androgen ablation strongly suggests a physiological role of Maspin in growth inhibition and/or apoptosis of prostate cancer cells during androgen ablation.

Maspin

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Cancer of the pancreas.Available epidemiologic information and its implications

Cancer (1973)

David L. Levin Roger R. Connelly

Cancer of the pancreas is the fourth leading cause of death among all sites of cancer in the United States. Very little is known about the epidemiology of the disease. Available data on incidence and mortality are examined to determine epidemiologic patterns. Racial differences in incidence/mortality data and their relation to industrial hazards, quality of medical care, and geographic distribution of cancer are discussed. The need for more definitive studies is noted, and suggestions for areas of future work are made.

Cancer Incidence

10.1002/1097-0142(197305)31:5<1231::aid-cncr2820310529>3.0.co;2-c

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Citations (52)

Prostate biopsy protocols: 3D visualization-based evaluation and clinical correlation

Computer Aided Surgery (2001)

Jianchao Zeng John J. Bauer Wei Zhang Isabell A. Sesterhenn Roger R. Connelly

Objectives: Systematic needle core biopsy is commonly used for the diagnosis of prostate cancer by urologists worldwide. As accurate and early diagnosis will result in more and better options for treatment, it is critical that the best possible protocols for biopsy be used clinically. In this study, we develop three-dimensional (3D) modeling and simulation technologies to evaluate most of the biopsy protocols in current clinical use, and correlate the results with those from clinical cases.Materials and Methods: Using deformable modeling techniques, 3D computerized prostate surface models were reconstructed from step-sectioned, whole-mounted radical prostatectomy specimens with localized prostate cancer. A 3D computer simulation system was developed to accurately depict the anatomy of the prostate and all individual tumor foci. A user-friendly interface was developed in the system so that a physician can easily and interactively use it for prostate needle core biopsy. A total of 281 prostate models were reconstructed, and 18 biopsies were performed by a urologist on each model to determine the detection rates of seven different biopsy protocols. Clinical biopsies from 35 patient cases were also reviewed and correlated with the simulation results.Results: The most commonly used sextant biopsy had only a 71.5% detection rate, while rates for the 10-pattern and 12-pattern protocols were much higher (96.4% and 97.2%, respectively). Even the lateral 4-pattern protocol performed better than the sextant protocol, with a detection rate of 89.3%. The lateral sextant biopsy protocol (using sites similar to, but more lateral than, those in the sextant protocol) achieved a rate of 92.5%. Although the rate of the 14-pattern biopsy was a little higher (97.5%), it used four more biopsies to achieve this increase, which, according to McNemar's test, is not statistically significant when compared to results with the 10-pattern protocol. The 5-region protocol, which uses 12 biopsies, had a detection rate of 89.7%. Transition zone and seminal vesicle biopsies did not result in a significantly increased detection rate when added to the patterns above. The clinical correlation also confirmed that the 10-pattern protocol was significantly superior to the traditional sextant biopsy pattern.Conclusions: The 10-pattern biopsy protocol was the most optimized among all the protocols evaluated. This protocol supplemented the sextant biopsy protocol with four more lateral biopsies in the mid and apical sites on both sides.

Prostate biopsy

10.1002/igs.1006

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Citations (19)

The American Burkitt's lymphoma registry:Eight years' experience

Cancer (1982)

Paul H. Levine Lakshmi S. Kamaraju Roger R. Connelly Costan W. Berard Ronald F. Dorfman

Four-hundred-twenty-one Americans diagnosed as having Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), 409 from the United States, were studied by the American BL Registry to obtain information about the cause and control of this disease. Of these 421 cases, 256 were confirmed by our pathologists as being morphologically indistinguishable from African BL. A relationship between age and organ involvement was observed; cervical lymph nodes, ileum, and nasopharynx were initial sites of involvement primarily in younger patients. Although the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was less frequently associated with American BL than African, a high antibody titer to the EBV capsid antigen was associated with a more favorable prognosis. American BL resembled African BLs time-space clustering, male predominance, and excellent response to chemotherapy. Unlike African BL, however, more patients had involvement of cervical lymph nodes and bone marrow at an early stage of disease. American BL appears to be a more heterogeneous disease than African BL.

Burkitt's lymphoma

10.1002/1097-0142(19820301)49:5<1016::aid-cncr2820490527>3.0.co;2-h

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Citations (178)

Demographic characteristics of cancer of the pancreas: Mortality, incidence, and survival

Cancer (1981)

David L. Levin Roger R. Connelly Susan S. Devesa

Mortality and incidence rates for pancreatic cancer in the United States were examined by various demographic characteristics.Disease rates have continued to increase over time but at a much slower pace than in earlier years.Most recently available rates for blacks were significantly higher than for whites and rates for males of each race were higher than for females.Income and education levels had little influence on incidence rates among either blacks or whites.Incidence rates were not significantly higher in urban as compared with rural areas of Iowa and Colorado.The two-year survival rate for pancreatic cancer was about 5% in recent years and did not vary significantly by race or sex.Smoking and diabetes, the two risk factors mast consistently associated with the pancreatic cancer, explain only a small proportion of the disease.Much epidemiologic work remains to be done.

10.1002/1097-0142(19810315)47:6+<1456::aid-cncr2820471404>3.0.co;2-6

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Citations (118)

A cohort study of cancer following infectious mononucleosis.

PubMed (1974)

Roger R. Connelly B. Christine

Summary Reports of 4,529 cases of infectious mononucleosis diagnosed during the years 1948–1964 among residents of Connecticut were identified through existing records and matched against a register of cancer cases covering the same population. The overall cancer risk following infectious mononucleosis was increased with 33 cancers observed compared to 24.4 expected for a relative risk of 1.4. Although this increased cancer risk was not large and may easily have occurred by chance, larger relative risks were found for certain forms of cancer, particularly malignant lymphomas (7 observed, 1.9 expected, relative risk = 3.7). The most provocative finding of this study was that five cases of Hodgkin9s disease developed subsequent to infectious mononucleosis.

Mononucleosis

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Citations (65)

Patterns in Urban and Rural Cancer Incidence

Springer eBooks (1982)

Roger R. Connelly

Cancer Incidence

Primary cancer

10.1007/978-1-4684-4352-3_8

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Citations (3)