Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the initiation and development of breast cancer and lncRNA H19 is a potential oncogenic factor; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In the present study, the regulatory functions of H19 in breast cancer were investigated. We found that H19 was upregulated in breast cancer tissues and cells and associated with poor prognosis. MiR-138 was downregulated in breast cancer tissues and negatively correlated with the expression of H19 and SOX4. Furthermore, SOX4 was upregulated in breast cancer tissues and positively correlated with H19. Downregulated H19 suppressed the proliferation, invasion and migration of breast cancer cells, but promoted cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Additionally, miR-138 was identified as a direct target of H19 and SOX4; overexpression of miR-138 inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells, but promoted apoptosis, which were abrogated by SOX4 overexpression. Downregulated miR-138 induced cell proliferation, invasion and migration, but inhibited apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells, which were promoted by SOX4 overexpression. In addition, miR-138 overexpression reversed the effects of H19 in breast cancer cells; silencing of H19 inhibited tumor growth and downregulate EMT markers in vivo. In summary, H19 was upregulated in breast cancer and associated with poor prognosis. Silencing of H19 inhibited cell proliferation, invasion and migration, but induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by regulating miR-138 and SOX4 in breast cancer.
In the generational inheritance of traditional crafts, a great deal of important technique information, is not directly recorded in literature or archaeological materials. This study analyzes the traditional copper inlay technique used on Longquan Blades, including the inlaying of purple copper and brass on both sides of the steel blade. The main findings of this study are presented as follows, based on the use of OM, SEM, EDS, microhardness testing, and electrochemical measurements: (1) Copper is inlaid through a solid-liquid-solid phase transition, successfully bonding the copper decoration with the steel blade matrix, thereby forming a stable inlay interface, demonstrating the feasibility of the liquid copper inlay technique for metal ware decoration. However, the metallurgical bond was not formed at the interface; (2) Hardness test results show that the surface hardness of the steel blade matrix (167.5~206.3 HV) > copper/steel bonding interface (152.3~183.9 HV) > copper decoration zone (76.4~91.9 HV). This hardness gradient is likely to exacerbate stress concentration at the bonding interface; (3) Further electrochemical analysis reveals that the corrosion resistance of the samples follows the order: L01-A < L02-A < L01-C < L02-B < L01-B. This indicates that the composite material interface with inlaid copper has a greater corrosion tendency than single materials. Additionally, the corrosion rate at the bonding interface of brass-inlay samples is lower than that of purple copper-inlay samples. Therefore, this study provides a practical method for reconstructing endangered craftsmanship and technical pathways, underscoring the broader significance of this study.
To compare the clinical benefits of rivaroxaban and warfarin in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) with high bleeding risk.A retrospective study was conducted on patients with high bleeding risk NVAF who were hospitalized at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between May 31, 2016 and May 31, 2019 and took at least rivaroxaban and warfarin. The clinical benefits of both drugs were assessed by efficacy benefit and safety risk. The primary efficacy benefit was a composite end point for stroke (both ischemic and hemorrhagic) and systemic embolism. The secondary efficacy end points were death and myocardial infarction (MI). The principal safety end point was the composite end point of fatal bleeding and critical organ bleeding.A total of 1,246 patients with high bleeding risk were enrolled, including 787 patients in the rivaroxaban group and 459 patients in the warfarin group. Results of the primary efficacy benefit endpoint were obtained from 104 patients (13.2%) in the rivaroxaban group and 88 (19.2%) patients in the warfarin group (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.681; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.512-0.906; P < 0.001 for non-inferiority). The principal safety end points were observed in 49 (6.23%) patients in the rivaroxaban group and in 55 (11.98%) patients in the warfarin group (HR: 0.469 in the rivaroxaban group; 95% CI: 0.314-0.702; P < 0.001). With respect to secondary efficacy and benefit endpoints, 28 (3.56%) patients in the rivaroxaban group and 22 (4.79%) patients in the warfarin group died, with an HR of 0.760 (95% CI: 0.435-1.329; P = 0.336); 32 (4.07%) patients in the rivaroxaban group; and 26 (5.66%) patients in the warfarin group had MI, with an HR of 1.940 (95% CI: 0.495-1.069, P = 0.254) in the rivaroxaban group.Rivaroxaban is non-inferior to warfarin in the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with high blood NVAF. Rivaroxaban is superior to warfarin in reducing fatal bleeding and bleeding in critical organs.Chinese Clinical Trials Registry, identifier ChiCTR2100052454.
Liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer mortality globally. The global ASR of incidence of liver cancer was 9.3 per 100,000 persons in 2018. There was an estimated total of 471,000 and 168,200 new cases of liver cancer attributable to HBV and HCV in 2018, respectively. This study aimed to evaluate the association between incidence of liver cancer and its risk factors among 185 countries.
Methods
The Age-standardised rates (ASR) for incidence of liver cancer in 2018 were extracted from Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN). The prevalence of smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and diabetes in 2010 for each country were retrieved from the Global Health Observatory (GHO). Primary Outcome: To determine the association between incidence (ASR) and prevalence of risk factors by using multivariable linear regression adjusting for human development index (HDI) and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita.
Results
The country with higher incidence was associated with a higher prevalence of smoking (males: β=0.25, p=0.028) and alcohol consumption (females: β=0.94, p=0.042) (table 1: β, beta coefficient refers to how much does the incidence (ASR) change per unit increase in risk factor). No association between the incidence and body mass index (BMI) or diabetes were found in the current analysis (p>0.05).
Conclusions
Smoking and alcohol consumption remain as important risk factors for liver cancer at a country level. Smoking was associated with an increased risk of Country-specific preventive strategies in the reduction of liver cancer burden includes promoting smoking cessation and alcohol control for high-risk populations.
Effectiveness and low-toxicity to normal tissues are ideal properties for a cancer treatment, and one that numerous research programs are aiming for. Vitamin C has long been used in the field of Complementary and Alternative Medicine as a cancer treatment, with profound safety and anecdotal efficacy. Recent studies revealed the scientific basis for this use, and indicated that vitamin C, at supra-nutritional doses, holds considerable promise as an effective and low-toxic therapeutic strategy to treat cancer. Reviewed here are the early controversies surrounding vitamin C and cancer treatment, the breakthrough discoveries that led to the current advancement, and recent clinical studies, as well as research into its mechanisms of action.
Objective
To investigate the clinical features and related hormone changes of diabetic cardiac insufficiency and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).
Methods
From January to April 2008, 96 patients with T2DM(group A) and 35 healthy volunteers with a normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (group B) were enrolled in this study. According to the course of T2DM and symptom of heart failure, the patients in group A were divided into three groups: group A1: newly-diagnosed T2DM or course of T2DM 2 years without obvious signs and symptoms of heart failure, n=32; group A3: course of T2DM>2 years with obvious clinical signs and symptoms of heart failure, n=31. The serum fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin(FINS), true insulin(TI), proinsulin(PI) and brain natriuretic peptide(BNP) were detected in all the subjects. The ratio between early diastolic peak flow velocity and atrium peak flow velocity(E/A), the lateral wall of mitral annular movement(e/a), pulmonary venous peak systolic velocities and diastolic velocities (S/D) and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) stage in all subjects were examined by echocardiogram. Variance analysis was used for data analysis among the 4 groups.
Results
The Homa-Is decreased with the progression of T2DM (group B: 110.0±76.3, group A1: 45.0±22.7, group A2: 15.0±14.0, group A3: 5.8±2.4; F=6.34, P<0.05); it indicated that the secretary function of β-cell declined significantly with the progress of T2DM. The serum level of BNP was significantly increased accompanied the function declines of pancreatic β-cell (group B: (75±19) ng/L, group A1: (810±185) ng/L, group A2: (1060±264) ng/L, group A3: (2071±785) ng/L; F=8.89, P<0.05). The serum level of TI and PI in group A3 were all significantly lower than those in group B, A1 and A2 (all P<0.05). The values of E/A, e/a, S/D and LVEF in group A were all significantly lower than those in group B (all P<0.05).
Conclusion
With the functional declines of pancreatic β-cell in T2DM, the myocardial contractility and diastolic function declines, meanwhile the TI and PI secretion reduces, and these changes finally induce metabolic disorders which can aggravate heart failure.
Key words:
Diabetes mellitus, type 2; Insulin-secreting cells; Heart failure
The relationship between survivin expression and Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) remains controversial. We evaluate the potential role of survivin in tumorigenesis and progression of CIN. Related articles were searched of PubMed, EMBASE, pmc, sciencederaction library, Wanfang, VIP, CNKI from January 2002 to May 2012. Meta-Analyst Beta 3.13 was applied to pool eligible studies and summary odds ratio (OR). We performed a final analysis of 717 patients from 9 studies. Combined OR of CIN1-2 and CIN2-3 suggests that survivin expression becomes higher with disease progression (OR = 3.117, 95% CI: 1.797-5.409, P <; 0.001; OR = 3.919, 95% CI: 2.332-6.586, P <; 0.001). Combined OR of CIN1-2 in strong positive expression level and CIN2-3 in weak and intense positive expression level suggests that survivin expression has correlation with CIN1-2 in positive level and CIN2-3 in weak and intense level(OR=2.191, 95%CI: 1.057-4.545, P = 0.043; OR=0.504, 95%CI: 0.274-0.927, P = 0.035; OR= 4.829, 95%CI: 2.905-8.026, P <; 0.001). Whereas, survivin expression has no correlation with CIN1-2 in weak and moderate expression level and CIN2-3 in moderate expression level. This study shows that survivin expression seems to be associated with progression of CIN.
[Objective] To explore expression alterations of CKIs p16 and p21 and cell proliferation marker Ki-67 in young women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN)Ⅱ-Ⅲ.[Methods]A total of 109 women were recruited in our study for cervical lesion treatments.They all had high-risk HPV DNA tests by hybrid captureⅡ(HCⅡ)and their final diagnoses of CINⅡ-Ⅲ by histopathologic tests were obtained after cervical biopsy and operations.They were divided into two groups according to their ages:group of 35 years old and of ≥ 35.Then p16,p21 and Ki-67 expressions were determined by immunohistochemical tests.[Results]High-risk HPV DNA was detected in all women with positive rate of 100% and high-risk HPV DNA load showed no significant difference between two groups[group of 35 years old:(498±848)pg/mL,group of ≥ 35:(548 ± 756)pg/mL,P 0.05].And significant difference didn't exist in p16 expression,either( 35:100%,≥ 35:96.72%,P 0.05).While compared with group of ≥35 years old(p21:39.34%,Ki-67:75.41%),positive rates of p21 and Ki-67 in group of 35 were increased and differed statistically(p21:60.42%,Ki-67:91.67%,P 0.05).[Conclusion] Among women with CIN,p21 and Ki-67 expressions in cervical lesions are more frequent in young women.For them,p21 and Ki-67 tests may be added and positive results may predict progressive lesion.
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