K. Dale Noel

University of Hertfordshire

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Russell W. Carlson

University of Georgia

Jodie M. Box

Marquette University

Winston J. Brill

University of Wisconsin–Madison

Dominik M. Duelli

Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science

Joseph R. Cava

Medical College of Wisconsin

Ronald J. Diebold

University of Cincinnati

K. A. VandenBosch

University of Wisconsin–Madison

Benita Anne Brink

Marquette University

David Romero

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

Giovanna Ferro‐Luzzi Ames

University of California, Berkeley

Cooperative Institutions

Marquette University

University of Wisconsin–Madison

University of Georgia

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

GTx (United States)

The Ohio State University

University of California, Berkeley

National Institutes of Health

University of Geneva

University of Hertfordshire

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Compounds Exuded byPhaseolus vulgarisThat Induce a Modification ofRhizobium etliLipopolysaccharide

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions (1997)

Dominik M. Duelli K. Dale Noel

Exudates released from germinating seeds and roots of a black-seeded bean (Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Midnight Black Turtle Soup) induce an antigenic change in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Rhizobium etli CE3. By spectroscopic analyses and chromatographic comparisons with derived standards, the chemical structures of the aglycone portions of the major inducing molecules from seed exudate were deduced, and they were identified as delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin, and malvidin. These anthocyanidins were present in seed exudate mainly as glycosides, the chief inducer being delphinidin 3-glucoside. Also present were 3-glucosides of petunidin and malvidin and glycosides of cyanidin and delphinidin. Seed exudate from a bean variety deficient in anthocyanins did not induce the LPS conversion. The ability of root exudate to induce an antigenic change in the LPS was due to compounds other than anthocyanins.

Petunidin

Exudate

10.1094/mpmi.1997.10.7.903

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Citations (27)

Cosmid cloning of five Zymomonas trp genes by complementation of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida trp mutants

Journal of Bacteriology (1988)

C K Eddy Oliver H. Smith K. Dale Noel

A library of Zymomonas mobilis genomic DNA was constructed in the broad-host-range cosmid pLAFR1. The library was mobilized into a variety of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida trp mutants by using the helper plasmid pRK2013. Five Z. mobilis trp genes were identified by the ability to complement the trp mutants. The trpF, trpB, and trpA genes were on one cosmid, while the trpD and trpC genes were on two separate cosmids. The organization of the Z. mobilis trp genes seems to be similar to the organization found in Rhizobium spp., Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, and Pseudomonas acidovorans. The trpF, trpB, and trpA genes appeared to be linked, but they were not closely associated with trpD or trpC genes.

Cosmid

Pseudomonas putida

Zymomonas mobilis

Subcloning

Hybrid plasmid

10.1128/jb.170.7.3158-3163.1988

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Citations (9)

Rhizobium leguminosarum exopolysaccharide mutants: biochemical and genetic analyses and symbiotic behavior on three hosts

Journal of Bacteriology (1989)

Ronald J. Diebold K. Dale Noel

Ten independently generated mutants of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli CFN42 isolated after Tn5 mutagenesis formed nonmucoid colonies on all agar media tested and lacked detectable production of the normal acidic exopolysaccharide in liquid culture. The mutants were classified into three groups. Three mutants harbored Tn5 insertions on a 3.6-kilobase-pair EcoRI fragment and were complemented to have normal exopolysaccharide production by cosmids that shared an EcoRI fragment of this size from the CFN42 genome. The Tn5 inserts of five other mutants appeared to be located on a second, slightly smaller EcoRI fragment. Attempts to complement mutants of this second group with cloned DNA were unsuccessful. The mutations of the other two mutants were located in apparently adjacent EcoRI fragments carried on two cosmids that complemented those two mutants. The latter two mutants also lacked O-antigen-containing lipopolysaccharides and induced underdeveloped nodules that lacked nitrogenase activity on bean plants. The other eight mutants had normal lipopolysaccharides and wild-type symbiotic proficiencies on bean plants. Mutants in each of these groups were mated with R. leguminosarum strains that nodulated peas (R. leguminosarum biovar viciae) or clovers (R. leguminosarum biovar trifolii). Transfer of the Tn5 mutations resulted in exopolysaccharide-deficient R. leguminosarum biovar viciae or R. leguminosarum biovar trifolii transconjugants that were symbiotically deficient in all cases. These results support earlier suggestions that successful symbiosis with peas or clovers requires that rhizobia be capable of acidic exopolysaccharide production, whereas symbiosis with beans does not have this requirement.

Rhizobium leguminosarum

Biovar

Cosmid

10.1128/jb.171.9.4821-4830.1989

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Citations (83)

Mutations in Rhizobium phaseoli that lead to arrested development of infection threads

Journal of Bacteriology (1986)

K. Dale Noel K. A. VandenBosch B. Kulpaca

Two Rhizobium phaseoli mutants, isolated previously by Tn5 mutagenesis, elicited infection threads which ceased development prematurely, usually within root hairs. These infection threads were wide, globular, and otherwise altered in morphology, compared with normal infection threads. Anatomy and division of the root cortical cells during initial stages of nodule morphogenesis appeared normal. However, later nodule differentiation deviated considerably from normal development, and release of bacteria from infection threads was not observed. In tryptone-yeast extract medium the mutants sedimented during growth in shaken cultures and formed rough colonies on agar. Electrophoresis of washed cultures solubilized in dodecyl sulfate revealed that the major carbohydrate band was absent from the mutants. The behavior of this carbohydrate in phenol-water extraction and gel chromatography, its apparent ketodeoxyoctonate content, and its susceptibility to mild acid hydrolysis suggested that it was a lipopolysaccharide. From the results of genetic crosses or reversion analysis, the defect in synthesizing this carbohydrate material and the defect in infection could be attributed to a single mutation in each mutant.

Reversion

Root hair

10.1128/jb.168.3.1392-1401.1986

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Citations (170)

Synthesis of N-acetyl-d-quinovosamine in Rhizobium etli CE3 is completed after its 4-keto-precursor is linked to a carrier lipid

Microbiology (2017)

Tiezheng Li K. Dale Noel

Bacterial O-antigens are synthesized on lipid carriers before being transferred to lipopolysaccharide core structures. Rhizobium etli CE3 lipopolysaccharide is a model for understanding O-antigen biological function. CE3 O-antigen structure and genetics are known. However, proposed enzymology for CE3 O-antigen synthesis has been examined very little in vitro, and even the sugar added to begin the synthesis is uncertain. A model based on mutagenesis studies predicts that 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-d-glucose (QuiNAc) is the first O-antigen sugar and that genes wreV, wreQ and wreU direct QuiNAc synthesis and O-antigen initiation. Previously, synthesis of UDP-QuiNAc was shown to occur in vitro with a WreV orthologue (4,6-hexose dehydratase) and WreQ (4-reductase), but the WreQ catalysis in this conventional deoxyhexose-synthesis pathway was very slow. This seeming deficiency was explained in the present study after WreU transferase activity was examined in vitro. Results fit the prediction that WreU transfers sugar-1-phosphate to bactoprenyl phosphate (BpP) to initiate O-antigen synthesis. Interestingly, WreU demonstrated much higher activity using the product of the WreV catalysis [UDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-GlcNAc (UDP-KdgNAc)] as the sugar-phosphate donor than using UDP-QuiNAc. Furthermore, the WreQ catalysis with WreU-generated BpPP-KdgNAc as the substrate was orders of magnitude faster than with UDP-KdgNAc. The inferred product BpPP-QuiNAc reacted as an acceptor substrate in an in vitro assay for addition of the second O-antigen sugar, mannose. These results imply a novel pathway for 6-deoxyhexose synthesis that may be commonly utilized by bacteria when QuiNAc is the first sugar of a polysaccharide or oligosaccharide repeat unit: UDP-GlcNAc → UDP-KdgNAc → BpPP-KdgNAc → BpPP-QuiNAc.

Lipid A

Transferase

Sugar phosphates

10.1099/mic.0.000576

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Citations (5)

Mapping of complementation groups within a Rhizobium leguminosarum CFN42 chromosomal region required for lipopolysaccharide synthesis

MGG Molecular & General Genetics (1990)

Joseph R. Cava Tao Hong K. Dale Noel

Rhizobium leguminosarum

10.1007/bf00280377

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Citations (27)

Changes in Rhizobium Lipopolysaccharide Structure Induced by Host Compounds

Springer eBooks (1997)

K. Dale Noel Dominik M. Duelli Valerie J. Neumann

Rhizobium leguminosarum

10.1007/978-3-642-59112-9_21

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Citations (1)

Nodule initiation elicited by noninfective mutants of Rhizobium phaseoli

Journal of Bacteriology (1985)

K. A. VandenBosch K. Dale Noel Yoshitsugu Kaneko Eldon H. Newcomb

Rhizobium phaseoli CE106, CE110, and CE115, originally derived by transposon mutagenesis (Noel et al., J. Bacteriol. 158:149-155, 1984), induced the formation of uninfected root nodule-like swellings on bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Bacteria densely colonized the root surface, and root hair curling and initiation of root cortical-cell divisions occurred normally in mutant-inoculated seedlings, although no infection threads formed. The nodules were ineffective, lacked leghemoglobin, and were anatomically distinct from normal nodules. Ultrastructural specialization for ureide synthesis, characteristic of legumes that form determinate nodules, was absent. Colony morphology of the mutant strains on agar plates was less mucoid than that of the wild type, and under some cultural conditions, the mutants did not react with Cellufluor, a fluorescent stain for beta-linked polysaccharide. These observations suggest that the genetic lesions in these mutants may be related to extracellular polysaccharide synthesis.

Root hair

Leghemoglobin

Nodule (geology)

Transposon mutagenesis

10.1128/jb.162.3.950-959.1985

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Citations (82)

Mutants of Rhizobium japonicum defective in nodulation

Archives of Microbiology (1982)

Gary Stacey Alan S. Paau K. Dale Noel Robert J. Maier Lin E. Silver

Bradyrhizobium japonicum

Wild type

10.1007/bf00407954

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Citations (49)

Dissection of Nodule Development by Supplementation of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli Purine Auxotrophs with 4-Aminoimidazole-5-Carboxamide Riboside

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY (1992)

Jeffrey D. Newman Bruce W. Schultz K. Dale Noel

Purine auxotrophs of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli CFN42 elicit uninfected pseudonodules on bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Addition of 4-aminoimidazole-5-carboxamide (AICA) riboside to the root medium during incubation of the plant with these mutants leads to enhanced nodule development, although nitrogenase activity is not detected. Nodules elicited in this manner had infection threads and anatomical features characteristic of normal nodules, such as peripheral vasculature rather than the central vasculature of the pseudonodules that were elicited without AICA riboside supplementation. Although 10(5) to 10(6) bacteria could be recovered from these nodules after full development, bacteria were not observed in the interior nodule cells. Instead, large cells with extensive internal membranes were present. Approximately 5% of the normal amount of leghemoglobin and 10% of the normal amount of uricase were detected in these nodules. To promote the development of true nodules rather than pseudonodules, AICA riboside was required no later than the second day through no more than the sixth day following inoculation. After this period, removal of AICA riboside from the root medium did not prevent the formation of true nodules. This observation suggests that there is a critical stage of infection, reached before nodule emergence, at which development becomes committed to forming a true nodule rather than a pseudonodule.

Biovar

Rhizobium leguminosarum

Riboside

10.1104/pp.99.2.401

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Citations (18)