The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential of greenhouse gases mitigation for major policy options in Thailand.Three scenarios with different prospects on energy-related greenhouse gases are explored.The picture with no change of government policy which is relied on the existing plan namely 'reference scenario' is simulated as a baseline scenario.A case with undergo progress of the committed plan namely 'case without plan' is compared to an alternative case with more concern on greenhouse gases reduction called 'case with additional plan'.Thus, the impact of existing and non-existing measures can be evaluated comparatively.The results show the quantitative assessment of greenhouse gases mitigation potential for the selected measures.Fuel economy improvement, bio-fuel option as well as nuclear power are prioritized as high potential for greenhouse gases mitigation, while the options of transportation mode switching and energy efficiency in industry have less impact.The results also show the gap between current target and the applicable potential, particularly the term of energy efficiency.
Network size is a main factor for computation time in composite power system reliability evaluation. This paper presents an evaluation method based on AC equivalent. The proposed method categorises a system into three main sections, i.e. internal area, boundary buses, and external area which will later be represented by an AC equivalent network. The method has been tested with the IEEE-RTS79 and IEEE-RTS96 of which the reliability indices of the whole system is evaluated and compared with those obtained from a completed enumeration analysis of the original network.
Under competitive environment of the pool market, the market clearing price (MCP), and the generation and demand of all bidders are normally determined to obtain maximum social welfare. However, the MCP is normally different from the nodal prices which are actually charged to, or paid for, participants. Therefore the solution obtained from the above concept does not actually provide maximum return to the system. In this paper, we propose an energy dispatch methodology based on nodal prices of the determined generation and demand to achieve the actual maximum social welfare. Network constrained economic dispatch based on linear programming technique with full AC Newton-Raphson power flow is employed to solve the problem which can take into account both elastic and inelastic demand bidding. The proposed method has been applied to the IEEE 30-bus test system and satisfactory results are obtained.
This paper presents results of calculations of the electric field and dielectrophoretic force on a dielectric particle chain suspended in a host liquid lying between parallel-plate electrodes. The method of calculation is based on the method of multipole images using the multipole re-expansion technique. We have investigated the effect of the particle permittivity, the tilt angle (between the chain and the applied field) and the chain arrangement on the electric field and force. The results show that the electric field intensification rises in accordance with the increase in the ratio of the particle-to-liquid permittivity, Γε. The electric field at the contact point between the particles decreases with increasing tilt angle, while the maximal field at the contact point between the particles and the plate electrodes is almost unchanged. The maximal field can be approximated by a simple formula, which is a quadratic function of Γε. The dielectrophoretic force depends significantly on the distance from other particles or an electrode. However, for the tilt angles in this paper, the horizontal force on the upper particle of the chain always has the direction opposite to the shear direction. The maximal horizontal force of a chain varies proportional to (Γε − 1)1.7 if the particles in the chain are still in contact with each other. The approximated force, based on the force on an isolated chain, has been compared with our calculation results. The comparison shows that no approximation model agrees well with our results throughout the range of permittivity ratios.
This paper proposes a method for solving radial distribution system planning problems taking into account geographical information. The proposed method can automatically determine appropriate location and size of a substation, routing of feeders, and sizes of conductors while satisfying all constraints, i.e. technical constraints (voltage drop and thermal limit) and geographical constraints (obstacle, existing infrastructure, and high-cost passages). Sequential quadratic programming (SQP) and minimum path algorithm (MPA) are applied to solve the planning problem based on net price value (NPV) consideration. In addition this method integrates planner's experience and optimization process to achieve an appropriate practical solution. The proposed method has been tested with an actual distribution system, from which the results indicate that it can provide satisfactory plans.
Long-range generation system planning is an essential task of a vertically integrated utility. It concerns investment of new power plants. However building a new power plant in Thailand may face difficulties from economical problem and social acceptance. Electricity import from neighboring countries is therefore an important option to be considered. However the appropriate cost of the imported electricity should be determined. In this paper, an algorithm based on probabilistic method is developed to analyze worth or value of imported electricity. The obtained value could be viewed as a limited value for negotiating long-term price of electricity to be bought from power producers and neighboring countries.
This paper presents a heuristic method for solving transmission system expansion problems (TSEP) with consideration of N-1 security constraints.The method is divided into two phases.An initial plan is established in the first phase by a search process which is based on a modified simplex method and sensitivity indices.The second phase starts from the initial plan and performs the local search in the defined neighborhood.Additionally, reconstruction of the new lines on the existing right of ways, which is one of the interesting issues of TSEP in the urban area, is taken into account.The proposed method provides very satisfactory results compared with others.
Demand uncertainty is one of the most significant factors of uncertainty in short-term operation of power system which might lead to higher operating cost. This paper proposes a method to determine the cost of demand uncertainty incurred in short-term generation scheduling. The cost is considered as the increase of generation scheduling cost to cope with uncertainty. A decision analysis model is used to determine such cost in this proposed method. Deterministic criterion is used to determine the spinning reserve requirement to fulfill system reliability. Based on the proposed method, uncertainty of the generating unit's operation is also taken into account. The proposed method has been illustrated using a modified IEEE-24 bus test system.
An appropriate routine test interval is necessary for each protective scheme to obtain the maximum availability in a protective system. The main purpose of this paper is to estimate the optimum routine test interval, and to determine the reliability indices for several configurations of overcurrent relay protection. In this paper, a Markov model is employed to represent each protective device, which is then combined to form a particular protective scheme. Each scheme together with its protected component are combined to form a complete system to be inspected. A mathematical model of an inspected system is defined to evaluate the abnormal unavailability and optimum test interval. The results obtained from the analysis shows that this method can distinguish the differences of several configurations of overcurrent relay scheme. In addition, abnormal unavailability and optimum test interval depend directly on several parameters, e.g. failure rate, repair rate, self-test effectiveness etc.
Transferring large amount of power, from generations to end users, may reduce system stability margin. Therefore, the evaluation of maximum power transfer capability is required. This paper proposes the calculation of maximum power transfer capability which can satisfy N-1 contingency by re-dispatching the generation in load area, using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method. The stability of system is specified by PQVSI (a stability index). The proposed method is tested on the 28 buses-southern transmission system of Thailand, and the result is promising.