ABSTRACT Outbreaks of an acute febrile disease of cattle occurred in Japan in 1959 and 1960. Its occurrence was limited in late summer and autumn, and in Kyushu, Shikoku and Honshu roughly south of 37 degrees north latitude, suggesting a close correlation of the incidence with the climatic conditions, hence a possibility of the presence of arthropod vector. The disease was characterized by fever and lesions affecting the mucous membrane and skin, musculature and vascular system. Degeneration of striated muscles was observed in the esophagus, larynx, pharynx, tongue and skeletal muscular system. Edema and hemorrhage were marked in the mouth, lips, abomasum, coronets etc., occasionally followed by degeneration of the epithelium leaving erosions or ulcerations. Severe lesions affecting the esophageal and laryngopharyngeal musculature caused deglutitive difficulty which in turn resulted in dehydration and emaciation, and occasionally in aspiration pneumonia, constituting the major causes of death of the affected animals. These findings indicate that the disease resembles bluetongue in sheep and cattle. The clinical materials obtained from natural cases induced a clinical illness when inoculated into calves, and the disease was transmitted serially in calves by intravenous inoculation of the blood obtained at the height of febrile reaction. The experimentally produced disease was clinically and pathologically indistinguishable from the natural disease.
Japanese Journal of MicrobiologyVolume 13, Issue 1 p. 129-130 NoteFree Access Serological Relation between Bovine Epizootic Fever and Ephemeral Fever Yuji Inaba, Yuji Inaba National Institute of Animal Health, Kodaira, Tokyo Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, TokyoSearch for more papers by this authorYoshio Tanaka, Yoshio Tanaka National Institute of Animal Health, Kodaira, Tokyo Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, TokyoSearch for more papers by this authorTuneyoshi Omori, Tuneyoshi Omori National Institute of Animal Health, Kodaira, Tokyo Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, TokyoSearch for more papers by this authorMinoru Matumoto, Minoru Matumoto National Institute of Animal Health, Kodaira, Tokyo Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, TokyoSearch for more papers by this author Yuji Inaba, Yuji Inaba National Institute of Animal Health, Kodaira, Tokyo Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, TokyoSearch for more papers by this authorYoshio Tanaka, Yoshio Tanaka National Institute of Animal Health, Kodaira, Tokyo Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, TokyoSearch for more papers by this authorTuneyoshi Omori, Tuneyoshi Omori National Institute of Animal Health, Kodaira, Tokyo Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, TokyoSearch for more papers by this authorMinoru Matumoto, Minoru Matumoto National Institute of Animal Health, Kodaira, Tokyo Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, TokyoSearch for more papers by this author First published: January 1969 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1348-0421.1969.tb00444.xCitations: 10AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume13, Issue1January 1969Pages 129-130 ReferencesRelatedInformation
ABSTRACT Marked cytopathic changes were induced by challenge with Newcastle disease (ND) virus in bovine testicle or kidney cell cultures which were previously infected with non‐cytopathogenic strains of bovine diarrhea (BD) virus. No cytopathic changes were induced by ND virus in similar cells not infected with BD virus. The development of cytopathic effect was shown to be associated with enhancement of ND virus replication. This exalting effect of BD virus appears to be dependent on infectivity, since the effect was inhibited when infection of the cells with BD virus was blocked by specific antiserum. Various factors involved in the phenomenon were investigated and an in vitro method (END) for the assay of BD virus and its antibodies was developed. The use of this method eliminates the difficulties in recognizing non‐cytopathogenic strains of BD virus which hampered systematic investigations of the nature and behavior of BD virus as well as of the natural history and pathogenesis of the infection in cattle.
ABSTRACT Several strains of a virus, designated as Ibaraki virus, were isolated in bovine cell cultures from natural and experimentally produced cases of the disease. In some of these cases, antibody titer rises were shown against Ibaraki virus. The clinical materials used for virus isolation induced in calves a mild illness similar to the natural disease, as well as neutralizing antibody against Ibaraki virus. Antibody titer rises were also shown in a high percentage of natural cases clinically diagnosed as having the disease. Antibody was not detected in any of the cattle in non‐epizootic areas, while many cattle in the epizootic areas had antibody after the outbreak. In the epizootic areas the antibody incidence after the outbreak was much higher among cattle diagnosed as having the disease during the outbreak than those not affected. These results leave little doubt that Ibaraki virus is the etiologic agent of these disease. Ibaraki virus became less virulent for calves upon serial passage in bovine cell cultures. The bovine cell cultures appeared less sensitive than the calf inoculation for the primary detection of the virus. The use of intermediary calf inoculation before inoculation into tissue culture may improve the isolation rate, but the tissue culture technique itself should be improved as calf inoculation is both expensive and cumbersome.
Most of the inactivated chicken sera immune to the virus of Japanese encephalitis do not fix complement by the usual technic, and unheated chicken sera have anticomplementary property so strong that specific complement fixation test can not be obtained.Complement fixation inhibition test is successfully applied to the chicken sera using horse immune serum as an indicator serum.When the immune chicken sera heated at 45°-75°C for 30 minutes were tested by common complement fixation and complement fixation inhibition test, in the former the reaction was heat-labile, and in the latter that was heat-stable remarkably.Testing chicken sera immune to the influenza virus (PR 8, FM 1), the results of the reaction resembled extremely to that of Japanese encephalitis virus.
ABSTRACT One of virus strains, isolated from Japanese cattle and serologically identified as bovine respiratory syncytial (RS) virus, was examined. The virus was shown to be an RNA virus with a buoyant density of 1.225, filtrable through a Sartorius membrane filter of 200 nm pore size but not through a 100 or 50 nm filter, sensitive to ether, chloroform and deoxycholate, readily inactivated by trypsin, labile at 56 C and 37 C but stable at −80 C, rapidly inactivated at pH 3.0, and resistant to freeze‐thawing. These properties are compatible with those previously reported for RS virus of human and bovine origin.
ABSTRACT Two adenovirus strains were isolated in calf testicle cell cultures from blood specimens of cattle in Japan. This is the first isolation of bovine adenovirus reported in Japan. The isolates were antigenically similar to each other and distinct from the hitherto described serotypes 1, 2 and 3 of bovine adenovirus. Unfortunately, bovine adenovirus types 4 and 5 were not available for comparison, and hence, until the matter is settled, the virus will be called “Bovine adenovirus type Nagano”. Nagano virus was identified as adenovirus on the bases of the inhibitory effect of 5‐iodo‐2′‐deoxyuridine on virus replication, ether‐resistance, effect of temperature and pH on infectivity, and fine structure of the virus particle. The virus grew and formed intranuclear inclusion bodies, a characteristic of adenovirus, in bovine testicle cells but not in bovine kidney cells. The virus agglutinated rat erythrocytes very poorly, but not sheep, goat, cattle, horse, guinea pig, hamster, chicken, and mouse cells. The virus produced adenovirus group‐specific antigen in cell cultures. Sero‐negative calves were readily infected with the virus by the intravenous, subcutaneous, oral or intranasal routes of inoculation. The infected animals produced antibodies and showed a mild clinical reaction comprised of rhinorrhea, diarrhea and a degree of pyrexia; low‐titered viremia of short duration and leukopenia were also observed. A serologic survey indicated wide‐spread dissemination of the virus among Japanese cattle, but further studies are needed to determine the etiologic significance of the virus in the natural disease in cattle.
A virus, the Yamaguchi strain, was serially propagated in suckling hamsters, mice and rats, and hamster kidney BHK21-WI2 cells from a natural case in the 1966 outbreak of bovine epizootic fever, an acute febrile disease of cattle, resembling ephemeral fever, known in Japan since 1949. An acute phase blood from the natural case was first passaged in calves by intravenous inoculation, and a blood specimen at the second passage was used to initiate serial hamster passage. Infected hamsters died with nervous symptoms, and serial passage was readily accomplished by intracerebral inoculation with brain emulsions. The hamster passage line of virus was serially passaged by intracerebral inoculation in 1- or 2-day-old mice, and then in rats 1 or 2 days after birth, which developed fatal encephalitis. The hamster passage virus was also serially propagated with cytopathic effect in cultures of BHK21-WI2 cell cultures. These viral lines were shown to be neutralized by, and to produce specific complement-fixing antigen reactive with, convalescent sera of calves infected with the original Yamaguchi strain, confirming the identity of these lines as the Yamaguchi strain. The hamster passage line, when inoculated intravenously in calves, induced an acute febrile illness which was similar to bovine epizootic fever; all the inoculated calves had viremia and developed neutralizing and complement-fixing antibodies against the virus. Serological evidence for infection with this virus was obtained in natural cases in the 1966 outbreak. These findings seem to justify this virus to be the causative agent of bovine epizootic fever.
