The authors describe development of small passive, solid-state detectors for in-situ measurements of tritium, or other weak beta-emitting radionuclides, on surfaces. One form of detector operates on the principle of thermally stimulated exoelectron emission (TSEE), the other by discharge of an electret ion chamber (EIC). There are currently two specific types of commercially available detector systems that lend themselves to making surface measurements. One is the thin-film BeO on a graphite disc, and the other is the Teflon EIC. Two other types of TSEE dosimeters (ceramic BeO and carbon doped alumina) are described but lack either a suitable commercially available reader or standardized methods of fabrication. The small size of these detectors allows deployment in locations difficult to access with conventional windowless gas-flow proportional counters. Preliminary testing shows that quantitative measurements are realized with exposure times of 1--10 hours for the TSEE dosimeters (at the DOE release guideline of 5,000 dpm/100 cm{sup 2} for fixed beta contamination). The EIC detectors exhibit an MDA of 26,000 dpm/100 cm{sup 2} for a 24 hour exposure. Both types of integrating device are inexpensive and reusable. Measurements can, therefore, be made that are faster, cheaper, safer, and better than those possible with baseline monitoring technology.
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeats of immersion in the zirconium oxide-water systemH. F. Holmes, E. L. Fuller Jr., and R. B. GammageCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1972, 76, 10, 1497–1502Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100654a023https://doi.org/10.1021/j100654a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views206Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Alpha track detectors (LANTRAK) have been used to map highly localised and inhomogeneous alpha emitter contamination on concrete, lead brick, metal, and vinyl floor surfaces. These detectors are easy to use, demonstrate good alpha sensitivity and high immunity to beta and gamma radiations, and can be deployed in hard-to-access locations. Conversion efficiencies were measured ranging from 40% to 73% for radionuclides of interest. Illustrative examples of contamination mapping on a lead brick, tile floor, and a narrow ledge are discussed.
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectron paramagnetic resonance studies of carbon monoxide absorbed on thorium oxideWallace S. Brey Jr., R. B. Gammage, and Y. P. VirmaniCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1971, 75, 7, 895–901Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100677a009https://doi.org/10.1021/j100677a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views34Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
