The Rh-blood-group antigens (often described as Rhesus antigens) are associated with erythrocyte membrane proteins of approx. 30 kDa. We have determined the N-terminal 54 amino acid residues of the 30 kDa Rh D polypeptide (D30 polypeptide). We used primers based on these sequence data and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on human reticulocyte cDNA and genomic DNA to clone two types of PCR product of identical size. The two PCR products had related translated amino acid sequences between the 3′ ends of the primers, one of which was identical with that found for the D30 polypeptide. We designate the two related mRNA species which gave rise to the PCR products as Rh30A and Rh30B, the latter corresponding to the D30 polypeptide. We have isolated cDNA clones for the Rh30A protein which encode a hydrophobic membrane protein of 417 amino acids. The Rh30A protein has the same N-terminal 41 amino acids as the D30 polypeptide, but beyond this point the sequence differs, but is clearly related. The Rh30A protein probably corresponds to the R6A32 polypeptide, another member of the Rh 30 kDa family of proteins, which may carry the C/c and/or E/e antigens. Hydropathy analysis suggests that the Rh30A protein has up to 12 transmembrane domains. Three of these domains are bordered by a novel cysteine-containing motif, which might signal substitutions at these cysteine residues. Information which supplements this paper (amino-acid-sequence-analysis histograms) is reported in Supplementary Publication SUP 50160 (4 pages), which has been deposited at the British Library Document Supply Centre, Boston Spa, Wetherby, West Yorkshire LS23 7BQ, U.K., from whom copies can be obtained on the terms indicated in Biochem. J. (1990) 265, 5.
The surface proteins of the circulating human platelet and lymphocyte were labelled by using the lactoperoxidase iodination method. Polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis showed that four corresponding labelled proteins are found on the surface of each cell type. The most intensely labelled protein contains little or no carbohydrate, but the remaining labelled proteins are all glycoproteins. The major labelled band from each cell was isolated and comparative peptide ;maps' showed that the two proteins are closely similar. The surface proteins of the lymphocyte and platelet are distinct from those on the erythrocyte, the remaining major type of circulating cell.
A monoclonal antibody FD19 which removes reconstitutable Na(+)-dependent amino acid transport activity from solubilized bovine renal brush-border membrane vesicles was found to react specifically with the enzyme aminopeptidase N. Cleavage of aminopeptidase N from the membranes with papain inhibited Na(+)-dependent amino acid transport activity without affecting that of alpha-methyl D-glucoside. Removal of aminopeptidase substantially increased the Km values for the Na(+)-dependent transport of alanine, glutamine, leucine and phenylalanine without affecting the Vmax. Both Na(+)-dependent amino acid transport and aminopeptidase activity in intact vesicles were competitively inhibited by amino acids with very similar specificity. These results suggest that the amino acid-binding sites of aminopeptidase N and the transporter interact in some way to increase the Km of the transport process for its substrates. However, independent direct inactivation of the transport system by papain cannot be ruled out.
The distribution of protein and blood-group-antigen activity obtained after butanol extraction of erythrocyte ;ghosts' under various conditions is described. Butanol extraction under low-ionic strength conditions results in the recovery of membrane protein in high yield in the aqueous phase. Blood-group-A activity is found in both the aqueous and butanol phases, whereas blood-group-P activity is confined to the butanol phase and blood-group-I and blood-group-MN activity are restricted to the aqueous phase. Much lower yields of protein are obtained in the aqueous phase when high-ionic-strength conditions are used. An appreciable amount of material is precipitated at the interface. Under these conditions blood-group-P activity is found only in the butanol phase, blood group-A activity in the butanol phase and interface material and only blood-group-MN activity in the aqueous phase. In contrast with previous reports no correlation could be demonstrated between the secretor status of the donors and the presence of blood-group-A activity in the aqueous phase after butanol extraction under any of the extraction conditions used. By using butanol extraction under high-ionic-strength conditions it is possible to isolate the blood-group-MN-active sialoglycoprotein in high yield from erythrocyte ;ghosts' by a simple procedure.
Polypeptide 3, the major membrane-penetrating protein of the human erythrocyte membrane, was characterized, together with two major fragments derived by specific proteolysis of the native protein in the membrane. One fragment (fragment 3f) was obtained from thermolysin cleavage in the extracellular region of the protein, and the other (fragment T1) was derived from tryptic cleavage in the intracellular region of the protein. The results of N- and C-terminal group analysis suggest that fragment 3f contains the N-terminal region of polypeptide 3 and fragment T1 contains the C-terminal part of the molecule. The carbohydrate contents of the polypeptides suggest that carbohydrates are present in three regions of the molecule, much of this carbohydrate being present in the C-terminal part of the molecule. This region of the protein also contains the receptors for concanavalin and the lectins from Phaseolus vulgaris and Ricinis communis, and our results suggest that there is heterogeneity in the carbohydrate chains present in the C-terminal region of polypeptide 3. These data are related to the folding of polypeptide 3 in the erythrocyte membrane.
All affected patients in four families with autosomal dominant familial renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) were heterozygous for mutations in their red cell HCO3-/Cl- exchanger, band 3 (AE1, SLC4A1) genes, and these mutations were not found in any of the nine normal family members studied. The mutation Arg589--> His was present in two families, while Arg589--> Cys and Ser613--> Phe changes were found in the other families. Linkage studies confirmed the co-segregation of the disease with a genetic marker close to AE1. The affected individuals with the Arg589 mutations had reduced red cell sulfate transport and altered glycosylation of the red cell band 3 N-glycan chain. The red cells of individuals with the Ser613--> Phe mutation had markedly increased red cell sulfate transport but almost normal red cell iodide transport. The erythroid and kidney isoforms of the mutant band 3 proteins were expressed in Xenopus oocytes and all showed significant chloride transport activity. We conclude that dominantly inherited dRTA is associated with mutations in band 3; but both the disease and its autosomal dominant inheritance are not related simply to the anion transport activity of the mutant proteins.
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Effect of Polyamines on the Binding of Aminoacyl Transfer Ribonucleic Acid to Ribosomes in a Yeast System*M. J. A. TannerCite this: Biochemistry 1967, 6, 9, 2686–2694Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00861a007https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00861a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views37Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
This review describes many of the naturally occurring band 3 variants that have been reported in the literature to date; from the common band 3 Memphis, to the rare band 3 HT. Both the molecular basis of these variants, and their effect on the structure and/or function of band 3, are described. The blood group antigens that have recently been assigned to band 3, such as Diego, Wright, Waldner, Redelberger and Warrior, are mentioned. Band 3 variants that affect the morphology of the red cell (e.g. acanthocytosis in band 3 HT and stomatocytic ovalocytosis in band 3 SAO) are described, as are many of the band 3 mutations that cause instability, either at the mRNA or protein level, and hence hereditary spherocytosis (HS). Band 3 variants that affect the binding pocket of the anion transport inhibitor, 4,4'-diisothiocyanato-2,2'-dihydrostilbene disulphonic acid (H2DIDS), (e.g. Diego and band 3 HT) and band 3 variants that affect the rate of anion transport (e.g. band 3 HT and band 3 in red cells that lack glycophorin A (GPA)) are reviewed in greater detail. The association between band 3 and GPA is discussed; both with respect to the Wright antigens and with regards the structure/function of band 3 in the absence of GPA.
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