INTRODUCTION: Low consumption of fruit and vegetables is a risk factor for poor health.Some studies have shown consumption varies across neighbourhoods, with lower intake in disadvantaged neighbourhoods.However, findings are far from consistent.Such inconsistencies suggest that socio-spatial inequities in diet may be context-specific, highlighting a need for international comparisons across contexts.Our study examined variations in fruit and vegetable consumption among adults living in neighbourhoods of varying socioeconomic status (SES) across seven countries (Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Netherlands, USA, Scotland, Portugal).METHODS: This study used data from seven existing studies with key variables assessed in adults from neighbourhoods of varying SES.Data were harmonised and logistic regression was used to examine associations between neighbourhood SES and binary fruit and vegetable consumption separately, adjusting for neighbourhood clustering and age, gender and education.RESULTS: Analyses showed evidence of an association between neighbourhood SES and fruit consumption (P < 0.05) in New Zealand, Canada and Scotland.Results showed increased odds of fruit intake in higher SES areas.Results for vegetable intake were less consistent.In Australia, New Zealand and Canada, there was evidence of reduced odds of vegetable consumption for those residing in low SES areas, while in Portugal adults in the highest SES areas had lowest odds of consumption.The other studies showed no difference by SES.CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights that associations between diet and neighbourhood deprivation vary across countries.Neighbourhood environments have the potential to influence healthy behaviour and further research is required to examine the context in which these associations arise.It may be that differential access to resources in which this produce is available was a factor explaining the associations in this study.However, it is important to acknowledge discrepancies across the studies in terms of sampling, measures, and definitions of neighbourhoods, meaning we cannot draw strong conclusions.
The aim of this study was to examine the risk factors for antepartum hemorrhage (APH) in women with placenta previa.In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed the medical records of 233 women with singleton pregnancies presenting with placenta previa whose deliveries were performed at our hospital between January 2009 and July 2018.Of the 233 women included in this study, 130 (55.8%) had APH. In the APH group, the gestational age and neonatal birth weight were significantly lower compared with the no hemorrhage group. Maternal age <30 years and multiparity were identified as significant risk factors for APH in both the univariate and multivariate analyses. Focusing on the previous route of delivery in multiparous women, the risk of APH was significantly higher in multiparous women who had experienced at least one vaginal delivery compared with nulliparous women (adjusted odds ratio (OR): 3.42 [95% confidence interval: 1.83-6.38]).We showed that women with placenta previa who were under 30 years old and who had a history of vaginal delivery may be at significant risk of experiencing APH.
Alterations in the serum concentration of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFbeta1) have been observed in gastric cancer patients. No study, however, has ever examined the association between the serum TGFbeta1 level and stomach cancer prospectively. We conducted a prospective, nested case-control analysis among apparently healthy men and women who were followed for up to 8 years in the JACC Study to assess whether serum level of total TGFbeta1 is associated with a subsequent risk of stomach cancer. The concentration of serum TGFbeta1 in previously collected blood samples was analyzed by ELISA for 209 individuals in whom a diagnosis of stomach cancer was documented, and for 409 controls matched with them for gender, age and study area. Baseline blood levels of TGFbeta1 were not related to the risk of stomach cancer in either men or women, a finding unchanged even after adjustment for potential confounders. The multivariate-adjusted odds ratio of stomach cancer in men and women was 1.10 (95% CI, 0.82 to 1.48) and 1.09 (95% CI, 0.80 to 1.48), respectively, for each increase of 1 SD in the TGFbeta1 value. In conclusion, serum TGFbeta1 levels were not associated with increased risks of subsequent stomach cancer.gene A52C polymorphism related to the metabolism of long-chain fatty acids and oxidized LDL in the etiology of colorectal cancer.
In Japan, a survey of children and their parents was conducted to assess national campaign “Sukoyaka Family 21” in 2009. Our aim was to clarify the relationship between pregnancy or childbirth satisfaction and willingness for subsequent pregnancy.
Methods
Children aged 3–4 months, 18 months, or 3 years who underwent medical check-up in 138 cities and their mothers were surveyed. Data from 5500 children aged 3–4 months and their mothers was analysed; this data included responses regarding willingness for subsequent pregnancy and pregnancy or childbirth satisfaction. Factor analysis was performed to verify existing categories of 15 items associated with pregnancy or childbirth satisfaction. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine factors associated with the willingness for subsequent pregnancy, stratified by mothers9 age and parity.
Results
Factor analysis indicated that 4 factors influence pregnancy or childbirth satisfaction: medical care, family support, birthing facility, and support in the workplace and society. Multivariate logistic regression analyses in mothers having one child revealed that those aged 25–29 years and satisfied with the birthing facility [OR: 2.26, 95% CI: 1.06 to 4.85] and those aged 30–34 [OR: 2.21, 95% CI 1.12 to 4.35] or >35 years [OR: 2.94, 95% CI 1.15 to 7.51] and satisfied with family support were significantly more willing for subsequent pregnancy. Among mothers having >2 children, no significant association was found.
Conclusion
Factors that influence willingness for subsequent pregnancy vary with mother9s age. Therefore, age should be considered when planning services and support for parturient women.
The association between BMI and all‐cause mortality may vary with gender, age, and ethnic groups. However, few prospective cohort studies have reported the relationship in older Asian populations. We evaluated the association between BMI and all‐cause mortality in a cohort comprised 26,747 Japanese subjects aged 65–79 years at baseline (1988–1990). The study participants were followed for an average of 11.2 years. Proportional‐hazards regression models were used to estimate mortality hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals. Until 2003, 9,256 deaths occurred. The underweight group was associated with a statistically higher risk of all‐cause mortality compared with the mid‐normal‐range group (BMI: 20.0–22.9); resulting in a 1.78‐fold (95% confidence interval: 1.45–2.20) and 2.55‐fold (2.13–3.05) increase in mortality risk among severest thin men and women (BMI: <16.0), respectively. Even within the normal‐range group, the lower normal‐range group (BMI: 18.5–19.9) showed a statistically elevated risk. In contrast, being neither overweight (BMI: 25.0–29.9) nor obese (BMI: ≥30.0) elevated the risk among men; however among women, HR was slightly elevated in the obese group but not in the overweight group compared with the mid‐normal‐range group. Among Japanese older adults, a low BMI was associated with increased risk of all‐cause mortality, even among those with a lower normal BMI range. The wide range of BMI between 20.0 and 29.9 in both older men and women showed the lowest all‐cause mortality risk.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary iron intake and associated other dietary factors and clinical characteristics among a representative sample cohort of Japanese population.Methods: We obtained data from NIPPON DATA80 and 90 that were conducted with the National Nutrition Surveys in 1980 and in 1990. Then we estimated nutrient and food intakes of individuals in the National Nutrition Survey of 1980 and that of 1990, which were adjusted on the basis of data of the National Nutrition Survey of 1995. Finally, we analyzed data for the 10 422 participants (4585 men and 5837 women) in NIPPON DATA80 and 8342 participants (3488 men and 4854 women) in NIPPON DATA90 having dietary iron intake information.Results: In NIPPON DATA80 and 90, there was a significant relationship between the dietary iron intake and age for both men and women. Dietary protein intake was associated with iron intake where as dietary fat intake did not show any association. Regarding the minerals, significant relationships were observed between the different minerals and dietary iron intake. Apart from the food group of milk and dairy products, there were significant differences in other food groups according to quintiles of iron intakes for men and women.Conclusions: We described the mean dietary iron intake and its relation with other dietary factors and clinical characteristics in Japanese adults as the baseline data in NIPPON DATA80 and in NIPPON DATA90.
