Abstract The behavior of cathodoluminescence (CL) from oxides associated with plastic deformation as well as with annealing at different temperatures and atmospheres has been examined. Observations using the real color CL (CCL) mode in a scanning electron microscope show that the annealing temperature rather than the annealing atmosphere is the major factor influencing the observed changes in the spatial distribution of the total CL emission from the microdeformed surface. However, at the same annealing temperature, the spectral composition of the CL depends on the annealing atmosphere. An attempt has been made to explain the obtained results in terms of defect theory and radiation effects in electron microscopy.
The behaviour of cathodoluminescence (CL) associated with hardness indents in MgO has been examined. Based on the experimental observations, a model is presented, which relates the movement of the displaced material, the production of the dislocation structures, the defect engineering, the development of the various slip traces and the formation of the cracks.
Abstract The combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and scanning optical microscopy (SOM), including a computer‐controlled signal detection system, is promising in the study of a variety of materials, especially such alkaline‐earth oxides with a rock salt structure, such as MgO. Among the SEM modes of this technique used to investigate deformed zones in indented MgO single crystals are: secondary electrons (SE), cathodoluminescence (CL) (total, pointal, color), electron beam‐induced current (EBIC), electron beam‐induced voltage (EBIV), as well as both polarized and transmitted light modes in SOM. The present experiments were designed to clarify the correlation between the optical, luminescent, electrical, and plastic properties of deformed MgO. An attempt has been made to explain the results in terms of dislocations created during deformation.
Abstract Using colour cathodoluminescence, spectral analysis and cathodoluminescence mapping in scanning electron microscopy, some peculiarities of cathodoluminescence from the indentation centre and the rosette on MgO (100) crystals were investigated over a wide temperature range 80–1000 K. The sensitivity of indentation-induced defects to thermal environments has been revealed. An attempt has been made to explain the spatial distribution of cathodoluminescence from around indentations in terms of dislocation internal friction in solids.
Abstract The regions of homogeneous and heterogeneous capture of impurities, point and linear defects, affected the luminescence from the undoped Bi4[GeO4]3 (BGO) and doped BGO:V, BGO:Yb, BGO:Cr3+, BGO:Fe as grown single crystals, were studied. A rapid cathodoluminescence (CL) spectral analysis, based on the panchromatic CL-images in scanning electron microscopy (SEM), was used. Depending on the doped impurities and dislocation configuration, changes in the intensity and wavelength of CL from BGO were found.
Abstract The local cathodoluminescence (CL) of polyethyleneterephthalate (PETP) films has been investigated by means of the SEM. We observed a change in both the intensity and the wavelength of CL depending on the charge injected. The observed changes in the CL spectra of PETP films are irreversible. This makes it possible to employ such films as carriers of information recorded by a fine electron beam with a density of 10 8 bit/cm 2 .
As a result of the archaeological excavations of the Bosporus necropolises, anthropological collections have been collected and published over the years, giving an idea of the morphological type of ordinary rural and urban residents in different chronological periods. M. M. Gerasimova studied material from the necropolis of Phanagoria, which dates back to the III century BC — IV century AD. The series consists of 58 adult skulls (32 male, 24 female) and 2 children’s skull. The author concludes that the buried belonged to the Pontic variant of the Mediterranean race. The Hellenistic, Sarmatian and Sindo-Meotic components are distinguished, with the latter being predominant.
The proposed publication is devoted to a find obtained from the necropolis of Phanagoria in 1988. A male skeleton (No. 470) was discovered on the southeastern outskirts of the settlement, among children’s burials, and was located in a ground pit with shoulder pads, rectangular in plan. The inventory consisted of a red clay amphora, a black-glazed kylix, an iron akinak dagger, an iron spearhead, a gray clay bowl, and a black-figure lekyph. The burial dates back to the last third of the VI — the first two decades of the V century BC and belonged, according to the author of the excavations O. A. Zavoykin, to a nobility. The deceased was buried at the age of 30—40. The skull is brachycranic, with a wide, medium-high face, has large longitudinal and transverse diameters and a rather powerful bone structure. The significant flattening of the facial area in the horizontal plane attracts attention. The height of the buried person (calculated according to the formula of M. Trotter and G. Glaser) is 169.6 cm. The set of features of the considered skull is a brachycrania in combination with a fairly wide, medium-high face, flattened in the horizontal plane, characteristic of archaeological sauromatians and early Sarmatians.
The craniological parameters of the considered skull approach the maximum values on the world intergroup scale and are extremely far from the usual set of features characteristic of most ancient series in the territory of the entire Northern Black Sea region. Undoubtedly, the burial is unique, judging by the finds in the grave, which indicates a certain status of a man — a warrior. However, the noted features — brachycrania with weakened horizontal profiling at the upper and middle levels, in combination with the descriptive characteristics of the burial — do not fit into the framework of the known Mediterranean series. This may indicate his origin from a different ethnic environment than the Hellenic one. A similar set of features is characteristic of a number of Sarmatian groups. The material of this well-dated burial complex may be evidence of a rather early penetration of the barbarians into the local Hellenistic circle of the inhabitants of Phanagoria.