본 연구의 목적은 초등학생의 일상적 스트레스가 스마트폰 과다사용에 미치는 영향에 대한 내면화된 수치심과 우울의 이중매개효과를 알아보는데 있다. 이를 위해 대구·경북에 재학중인 4∼6학년 초등학생 500명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 최종 450부를 SPSS 통계 프로그램을 활용하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과 첫째, 변수간 상관관계는 모든 변수들간에 통계적으로 유의미한 정적 상관이 있었다. 둘째, 초등학생의 일상적 스트레스가 우울과 내면화된 수치심을 매개로 스마트폰 과다사용에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 초등학생의 일상적 스트레스가 스마트폰 과다사용에 미치는 영향에 대해서는 우울과 내면화된 수치감의 이중매개효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 초등학생의 일상적 스트레스는 스마트폰 과다사용 행동에 영향을 주는 요인이지만, 일상적 스트레스를 감소하거나 억제하는 것만으로 스마트폰 과다사용을 감소하는데 효과적이기는 어렵다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 내재화된 심리적 위험요인인 우울과 내면화된 수치심과 같은 요인에 주의를 기울이고 치료적 대안을 마련한다면 스마트폰 과다사용을 효과적으로 중재할 수 있다는 시사점을 얻었다.
The anomalous spectroscopic properties of quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (QCRM) and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (QCRT) in AOT reverse micelle were studied. The excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) occurs through the strong hydrogen bond between the -OH at position 5 and the carbonyl oxygen. Because the ESIPT can only happens in the $S_1$ state and the Franck-Condon factor involved in the $S_2\;{\rightarrow}\;S_1$ internal conversion is small, the $S_2\;{\rightarrow}\;S_o$ emission alone appears. Because the molecular planarity is improved at the interior of the micelle, the excited state intramolecular charge transfer in the $S_1$ state is extended, and the excited state is more tolerable for any quenching effects in the micelle. Therefore, an $S_1\;{\rightarrow}\;S_o$ emission was newly discovered under this micelle microenvironment. For the $S_2\;{\rightarrow}\;S_o$ emission, the quantum yields increase but the quantum yield of the $S_1\;{\rightarrow}\;S_o$ emission approximately decreases as the water concentration in the micelle increases.
The contents of flavonol glycosides, (1), (2), (3), (4) and (5) in the houseleeks controlled by night-break, day-length control, and temperature during overwintering were determined to be compared with those in wild one. The contents of the flavonol glycosides 1-5 in the houseleeks were decreased roughly with warming during overwintering, and increased with longer light duration under the day-length control experiments. While warming functioned negatively on the production of the flavonol glycosides in the houseleek, longer light irradiation did positively during overwintering.
Orostachys japonicus, a monocarpic plant, is artificially grown in greenhouses. The study was carried out to examine the effect of shading (0, 35, 55, 75, 95%) on growth, morphological characters, and flowering. The treatments were done on August 25 and afterward samples were taken every 2 weeks until October 20, in which growth, morphological and flowering related characters were measured. With severer shading plant height, inflorescence length, number of leaves including bracts and stem diameter were decreased although severely declined in 95% shading treatment. Leaves and bracts, stem, root, shoot and total dry weights increasingly declined with severer shading. Florets formed on the inflorescence showed similar response to the shading treatment as plant height did. Flowering of the florets was not observed throughout all the sampling period, meaning that different light intensities by shading did not affect their flowering.
Orostachys japonicus, called Wasong as herbal medicine and a short day plant, should be artificially kept in long daylength to control anthesis of its florets. The study was done to clarify the effect of daylength (10, 13, 16 hours a day) on growth, morphological characters, and flowering. The treatments were done on August 25 and afterward samples were taken every 2 weeks. Growth, morphological and flowering related characters were measured from each sample. With longer daylength plant height and inflorescence length were increased but number of leaves including bracts and stem diameter were decreased. Leaves and bracts, stem, root, shoot and total dry weights were increased with longer daylength from late September while floret dry weight showed reverse result. Florets formed were the greatest in daylength of 10 hours during September but the least during the other period. Anthesis of the florets was observed only in daylength of 10 hours during October and all the plants from the treatment were flowered.
The correlation between the activation volumes of wall-motion and nucleation processes in Co/Pd multilayers has been investigated. Each activation volume was estimated from the field dependence of the wall-motion speed and the nucleation rate, respectively, based on time-resolved domain patterns grabbed by a MOKE microscope system. Both the activation volumes are changed in the same manner around 0.2~1.1 × 10^(-17) ㎤ with changes in the multilayered structure. Interestingly, the correlation between the activation volumes is sensitive to the multilayered structure; the wall-motion activation volume is smaller than the nucleation activation volume for a sample having a smaller number of repeats and a thinner Co-layer thickness, and vice versa. The correlation is closely related with the contrasting reversal modes; the process having the smaller activation volume dominates.
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