reCAPTCHA is a popular technique used for web security. It distinguishes humans from computer programs to protect websites from automated abuse by presenting a challenge to be solved. reCAPTCHA utilizes human computation power used in solving these challenges to aid in increasing the accuracy of digitizing printed manuscripts. Although reCAPTCHA has been developed in many languages, to date, there is no available reCAPTCHA for the Arabic language. There is an immense need for the development of an Arabic reCAPTCHA service to increase the accuracy that existing OCRs currently lacks in digitizing Arabic manuscripts, and to aid in securing millions of Arabic websites. In this paper, we present a cloud-based design and architecture for an Arabic reCAPTCHA service, and we detail and describe key design and system components which include word classification algorithms, database schema design, and technology selection. We also study the inadequacy of existing popular OCRs in recognizing correctly Arabic printed text.
Today's Internet is enormously lacking Arabic language content. Although Internet users from the Arab world are increasing rapidly, the digital Arabic content still lacks serious research and development plans. In this paper, we present the main challenges facing the digital Arabic content industry and opportunities for developing the presence of Arabic language on the web at both individual and governmental levels. We also highlight recent initiatives within UAE which aim to increase the visibility of digital Arabic content. One example is the Arabic reCAPTCHA research project at Khalifa University.
Major complications such as cardiac death and cardiac autonomic neuropathy are caused by diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) analysis has shown to detect variations in the autonomic balance of heart rate and is useful for early detection of autonomic dysfunction. This study presents the outcome of HRV analysis of short ECG recordings taken from nondiabetic and type 2 diabetes patients, applying Poincaré plot indices represented by short term variation (SD1), long term variation (SD2) and complex correlation (CCM) measure which measures the temporal dynamics, for early detection of cardiac autonomic neuropathy. SD1 and the ratio SD1/SD2 were found to be significantly lower in type 2 diabetes patients than the control group. The highest discriminatory power was observed with CCM, indicating the advantage of using a dynamic measure for HRV rather than the static Poincaré plot indices. SD1 and CCM could be markers for CVD risk in type 2 diabetic patients.
reCAPTCHA is a security measure that guards web applications against automated abuse by presenting a random auto-generated challenge to users to solve. These challenges have to be devised to be hard to be solved by computers, yet easy for humans. In this paper, we present an architectural design for a cloud-based reCAPTCHA service and discuss key design issues. These issues include the extraction of individual word images from the scanned pages, optical character recognition (OCR) initial words classification, handling multiple users at the cloud-based service side, and usability and readability. We also show how our design addresses these issues at the implementation phase. It is worth noting that our reCAPTCHA service is designed for the Arabic language, but the underlying proposed architecture and design principles can be applied to any other language.
Cloud-based services and applications have been widely deployable these days. Such services benefit from the almost infinite cloud compute, storage, and networking resources. Many of such services are partially hosted on the cloud. That is, some of their tasks get executed off the cloud, and the other tasks are executed on the cloud. In this paper, we show how to automate the execution of these tasks for such services and applications. We use a reCAPTCHA service as a case study to automate the execution workflow of its various tasks that are deployed on both on-cloud and off-cloud environments. We present a system design and implementation for the workflow automation for this partially hosted cloud service. The implementation is carried out using the open source automation tool Chef.
'%3e%3cg id='e'%3e%3cg id='c' fill='none' stroke='%23fff' stroke-width='2'%3e%3cpath id='b' d='M0 1h26M1 10V5h8v4h8V5h-5M4 9h2m20 0h-5V5h8m0-5v9h8V0m-4 0v9' transform='scale(1.4)'/%3e%3cpath id='a' d='M0 7h9m1 0h9' transform='scale(2.8)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' y='120'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23b' y='145.2'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cg id='d'%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23c' x='56'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23c' x='112'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23c' x='168'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23d' x='168'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23e' x='392'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cg fill='%23da0000' transform='matrix(45 0 0 45 315 180)'%3e%3cg id='f'%3e%3cpath d='M-.548.836A.912.912 0 0 0 .329-.722 1 1 0 0 1-.548.836'/%3e%3cpath d='M.618.661A.764.764 0 0 0 .422-.74 1 1 0 0 1 .618.661M0 1l-.05-1L0-.787a.31.31 0 0 0 .118.099V-.1l-.04.993zM-.02-.85 0-.831a.144.144 0 0 0 .252-.137A.136.136 0 0 1 0-.925'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23f' transform='scale(-1 1)'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/svg%3e)
'%3e%3cpath fill='%23012169' d='M0 0v30h60V0z'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23fff' stroke-width='6' d='m0 0 60 30m0-30L0 30'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23C8102E' stroke-width='4' d='m0 0 60 30m0-30L0 30' clip-path='url(%23b)'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23fff' stroke-width='10' d='M30 0v30M0 15h60'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23C8102E' stroke-width='6' d='M30 0v30M0 15h60'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/svg%3e)