Mario Trapp

Fraunhofer Institute for Cognitive Systems

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Daniel Schneider

Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering

Peter Liggesmeyer

University of Kaiserslautern

Schürmann von Bernd

University of Kaiserslautern

Karsten von Berns

University of Kaiserslautern

Gereon Weiß

Fraunhofer Institute for Cognitive Systems

Dominik Domis

Software (Germany)

Rasmus Adler

Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering

Sören Kemmann

Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering

Thomas Kühn

Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering

Kai Höfig

Rosenheim Technical University of Applied Sciences

Cooperative Institutions

Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering

University of Kaiserslautern

Universidad de Navarra

Fraunhofer Society

Robert Bosch (Germany)

Fraunhofer Institute for Cognitive Systems

Siemens (Germany)

Fraunhofer Institute for Secure Information Technology

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology

Technical University of Munich

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Verifying the adaptation behavior of embedded systems

Klaus Schneider Tobias Schuele Mario Trapp

Many complex embedded systems dynamically adapt their components, services, algorithms, and parameters to the environment. This leads to new classes of design errors, since adaptation has become an increasingly complex part of the systems' behavior. In particular, as adaptations often continuously trigger further adaptations in other components, inconsistent and unstable configurations may be reached. Formal verification, which is routinely applied in safety-critical applications, must therefore consider not only temporal and functional properties of a system, but also its ability to dynamically adapt itself according to external and internal stimuli.In this paper, we describe how the adaptation behavior of embedded systems can be modeled, specified, and verified at design time. The systems are thereby given at a high level of abstraction, where adaptation is triggered by the quality of data values. This allows to extract the relevant information in a form that can be directly used for verification. Moreover, we demonstrate how state-of-the-art model checkers can be used to formally reason about the resulting system description.

Abstraction

10.1145/1137677.1137681

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Citations (36)

Approaching runtime trust assurance in open adaptive systems

Daniel Schneider Martin Becker Mario Trapp

In recent years it has become more and more evident that the ability of systems to adapt themselves is an increasingly important requirement. This is not least driven by emerging computing trends like Ubiquitous Computing, Ambient Intelligence, and Cyber Physical Systems, where systems have to react on changing user needs, service/device availability and resource situations. Despite being open and adaptive it is a common requirement for such systems to be trustworthy, whereas traditional assurance techniques for related system properties like safety, reliability and security are not sufficient in this context. We recently developed the Plug&Safe approach for composition time safety assurance in systems of systems. In this position paper we provide an overview on Plug&Safe, elaborate the different facets of trust, and discuss how our approach can be augmented to enable trust assurance in open adaptive systems.

Trustworthiness

Safety Assurance

Position paper

Plug-in

10.1145/1988008.1988036

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Citations (24)

Online Identification of Operational Design Domains of Automated Driving System Features^*

2022 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV) (2024)

Aniket Salvi Gereon Weiß Mario Trapp

Identification

10.1109/iv55156.2024.10588716

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Citations (1)

Integrating Safety Analyses and Component-Based Design

Lecture notes in computer science (2008)

Dominik Domis Mario Trapp

Component (thermodynamics)

10.1007/978-3-540-87698-4_8

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Citations (45)

Considering Reliability of Deep Learning Function to Boost Data Suitability and Anomaly Detection

2021 IEEE International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering Workshops (ISSREW) (2020)

Lydia Gauerhof Yuki Hagiwara Christoph Schorn Mario Trapp

The increased demand of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) in safety-critical systems, such as autonomous vehicles, leads to increasing importance of training data suitability. Firstly, we focus on how to extract the relevant data content for ensuring DNN reliability. Then, we identify error categories and propose mitigation measures with emphasis on data suitability. Despite all efforts to boost data suitability, not all possible variations of a real application can be identified. Hence, we analyse the case of unknown out-of-distribution data. In this case, we suggest to complement data suitability with online anomaly detection using FACER that supervises the behaviour of the DNN.

Anomaly (physics)

10.1109/issrew51248.2020.00081

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Citations (3)

B-space: dynamic management and assurance of open systems of systems

Journal of Internet Services and Applications (2018)

Daniel Schneider Mario Trapp

Connected cars, freely configurable operating rooms, or autonomous harvesting fleets: dynamically emerging open systems of systems will shape a new generation of systems opening up a vast potential for new kinds of applications. In light of the hard-to-predict structure and behavior of such systems, assuring their safety will require some disruptive changes of established safety paradigms. Combining current research results from different disciplines with industrial experience, this paper dares to think out of the box and look beyond the limits of traditional safety assurance. It structures upcoming challenges posed by the emergence of open systems of systems, tries to shift existing paradigms to meet those new challenges, and proposes an abstract conceptual framework building on comprehensive interlinked multi-concern runtime models for dynamically assuring the safety as well as other properties of open systems of systems. As there currently is no comprehensive realization of the framework, we discuss what kind of approaches could fit into which parts of the framework and exemplify this for the case of conditional safety certificates.

Realization (probability)

Safety Assurance

Conceptual framework

System safety

System of systems

10.1186/s13174-018-0084-5

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Citations (11)

Safety Concept Trees

Dominik Domis Marc R. Forster Sören Kemmann Mario Trapp

The development of safety-critical systems requires the dasiasafepsila development of a dasiasafepsila system. Not only should the realized system fulfill specific safety goals, but for certification purposes the development process itself has to comply with safety standards. Both of these tasks are complex and cause a lot of effort and costs that cannot be sufficiently reduced by existing safety engineering methods. To facilitate these tasks, we developed the SICMA method. SICMA guides the engineer in following safety standards in the development of a system, in developing a system design that fulfills its safety goals and in documenting that the developed system is sufficiently safe. SICMA introduces Safety Concept Trees (SCTs) as a backbone to achieve vertical and horizontal traceability between all safety information, as needed for certification purposes. SCTs represent and fully preserve the component-oriented perspective assumed by state-of-the-art development methods, facilitating the handling and maintenance of complex systems. Using SCTs, a system design and its artifacts can be rigorously analyzed on every refinement level and it can be shown that they adhere to safety and certification criteria. This will lead to significantly reduced effort and costs in the standard-compliant development of safety-critical systems.

Traceability

Component (thermodynamics)

Safety standards

System safety

Safety case

10.1109/rams.2009.4914677

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Citations (7)

Grundlagen der Softwareentwicklung für eingebettete Systeme

Vieweg+Teubner eBooks (2010)

Karsten von Berns Schürmann von Bernd Mario Trapp

Software bildet einen integralen Bestandteil heutiger eingebetteter Systeme. Die im ersten Teil dieses Buches dargelegten Besonderheiten eingebetteter Systeme wirken sich daher auch unmittelbar auf die Softwareentwicklung aus. Bevor wir deshalb in den nachfolgenden Kapiteln in die Entwicklung eingebetteter Softwaresysteme einführen, gibt Abschnitt 6.1 zunächst einen Einblick in die Besonderheiten eingebetteter Software und den Unterschieden zu klassischen IT-Systemen.

10.1007/978-3-8348-9661-2_7

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Efficient Safety Analysis of Automotive Software Systems

Mario Trapp Soeren Kemmann Ralf Kalmar Christian Denger

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Towards Safety-Awareness and Dynamic Safety Management

Mario Trapp Daniel Schneider Gereon Weiß

Future safety-critical systems will be highly automated or even autonomous and they will dynamically cooperate with other systems as part of a comprehensive ecosystem. This together with increasing utilization of artificial intelligence introduces uncertainties on different levels, which detriment the application of established safety engineering methods and standards. These uncertainties might be tackled by making systems safety-aware and enabling them to manage themselves accordingly. This paper introduces a corresponding conceptual dynamic safety management framework incorporating monitoring facilities and runtime safety-models to create safety-awareness. Based on this, planning and execution of safe system optimizations can be carried out by means of self-adaptation. We illustrate our approach by applying it for the dynamic safety assurance of a single car.

Safety Assurance

System safety

Safety case

Safety Monitoring

Safety engineering

10.1109/edcc.2018.00027

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Citations (31)