To study the epidemiological characteristics of atypical Kashin-Beck disease cases without characteristic hand lesions such as interphalangeal joint enlargement and brachydactyly and the characteristics of ankle joint lesions.We investigated Kashin-Beck in the endemic villages in Heilongjiang Province. The patients were judged according to the "Diagnosis of Kashin-Beck Disease" (WS/T 207-2010). The severity of foot lesions was judged based on the changes of X-ray images. Residents of non-Kashin-Beck disease area were selected as normal controls in Jilin Province.A total of 119 residents over 40 years old were surveyed in a natural village in the non-endemic area. A total of 1190 residents over 40 years old were surveyed in 38 endemic areas of Kashin-Beck disease. A total of 710 patients with Kashin-Beck disease were detected, including 245 patients with grade I, 175 patients with grade II, 25 patients with grade III, and 265 atypical patients. Among all investigated patients, 92.0% (653/710) had ankle joint changes, and it was 80.0% (196/245) in grade I patients and 95.4% (167/175) in grade II. Varying degrees of ankle joint changes were found in both grade III and atypical patients. The grade of Kashin-Beck disease was correlated with the degree of ankle joint change (P < 0.001), and the correlation coefficient rs = 0.376. Atypical Kashin-Beck disease patients in mild and severe endemic area of Kashin-Beck disease were younger than those with typical Kashin-Beck disease.We found a correlation between the degree of ankle joint change and the grade of Kashin-Beck disease. The higher the grade of Kashin-Beck disease, the more serious the change of the ankle joint.
Abstract Background : To study the epidemiological characteristics of atypical Kashin-Beck disease cases without characteristic hand lesions such as interphalangeal joint enlargement and brachydactyly and the characteristics of ankle joint lesions. Methods : According to monitoring data, 4 types of regions (including none, mild, moderate and high Kashin-Beck disease endemic areas) in Heilong jiang and Jilin provinces were selected. All local residents over 40 years old were undergone clinical examanation and X-ray images of hands and feet.Kashin-Beck disease was diagnosed in accordance with the "Kashin-Beck disease diagnosis" standard (WS / T 207–2010) for the diagnosis of Kashin-Beck disease. Osteoarthritis was diagnosed in accordance with the American College of Rheumatology 1995 diagnostic criteria. Results : 119 residents over 40 years old were surveyed in a natural village in the non-endemic area. 1,190 residents over 40 years old were surveyed in 38 endemic KBD areas.A total of 710 patients with Kashin-Beck Disease were detected, including 245 patients with grade I, 175 patients with grade II, 25 patients with grade III, and 265 atypical patients. Among all investigated patients , 92.0% (653/710) had ankle joint changes, and it was 80.0% (196/245) in grade I patients and 95.4% (167/175) in grade Ⅱ. Varying degrees of ankle joint changes were found in both grade III and atypical patients. The grade of Kashin-Beck disease was correlated with the degree of ankle joint change ( P <0.001), and the correlation coefficient r s =0.376. Atypical Kashin-Beck disease patients in mild and severe endemic area of Kashin-Beck Disease were younger than those with typical Kashin-Beck disease. Conclusions : There is a correlation between the degree of ankle joint change and the grade of Kashin-Beck disease. The higher the grade of Kashin-Beck disease, the more serious the change of the ankle joint.
What is already known about this topic? Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) is a chronic and degenerative osteoarthropathy characterized by cartilage degeneration. It is an endemic disease that is highly prevalent among the Chinese population and poses a significant health risk. What is added by this report? This is the first national report on the economic burden of KBD in China. According to the data from 2021, KBD has caused significant disease and economic burdens. The most substantial reduction in healthy life expectancy was observed among patients with degree II severity and those aged 60 years and older, resulting in a total indirect economic burden of 112.74 million Chinese Yuan (CNY). What are the implications for public health practice? The results of this study will contribute to informing the development of tailored prevention and control strategies by the government. These strategies will include targeted policies and recommendations for appropriate healthcare and financial subsidies, which will be based on the demographic characteristics of the endemic areas.
Abstract Background: Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) can seriously affect labor capacity. In recent years, KBD is mainly a disease of poor farming families, which are primarily distributed in China. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of control strategies implemented in China, and provide the basis for formulating relevant strategies to eliminate KBD in the future. Method: This study collected demographic information of adult KBD cases by census. Result: KBD is particularly serious in the Tibetan region with a high prevalence and a high proportion of young patients. Most patients were ethnically Han and Tibetan, farmers and herdsmen. Low-income patients showed higher disability rates, long-term medication ratios and operative intention than higher-income patients. Conclusion: The age composition of KBD patients demonstrates that comprehensive prevention and treatment measures implemented in China since the 1990s have achieved remarkable results. The treatment of adult KBD patients, especially those with a lower income, is currently an important part of the effort to eliminate KBD.
Objective
To establish experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) rat model induced by bovine thyroglobulin(bTg) and to observe the effect of iodine on IP-10 in rat serum and IP-10 mRNA expression in rat thyroid tissue.
Methods
One hundred and thirty-five four-week old female Lewis rats were divided into normal control (NC, 20 rats) group; TG group, 25 rats; H Ⅰ group, 20 rats; HⅠ + TG group, 25 rats; H Ⅱ group, 20 rats and HⅡ + TG group, 25 rats according to a random number table. The water iodine concentration was 25.7 μg/L given to rats of HI and HⅠ + TG groups, and 423.3 μg/L of HⅡ and HⅡ + TG groups. Rats of NC and TG groups drank distilled water. Rats of TG, HⅠ+ TG, HⅡ + TG groups were immunized with 0.1 ml bTg(8 g/L) in IFA. All rats were killed at the end of 15 weeks. Urinary iodine was determined by As3+-Ce4+ catalytic spectrophotometry (WS/T 107-2006). Pathological changes in thyroid tissue were observed by light microscope. Serum IP- 10 was determined by enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and IP-10 mRNA expression in thyroid was detected by real-time PCR.
Results
The differences of urinary iodine between groups were statistically significant (χ2= 106.4, P 0.05). The expression of IP-10 mRNA of HⅠ+ TG (2.80 ± 1.73) rats thyroid was higher than that in NC (1.65 ± 1.62) and HⅠ (1.07 ± 1.00) groups, HⅡ (0.64 ± 0.64), HⅡ + TG (0.80 ± 0.49) were lower than H Ⅰ + TG group (all P < 0.05).
Conclusions
Excessive iodine intake could have increased inflammatory cells in EAT rat and rats have showed more serious pathologic changes. These phenomena may be ralated with changed expression of IP-10 mRNA in EAT rat thyroid.
Key words:
Iodine; Thyroiditis, autoimmune, experimental; Chemotactic factors
Purpose Environmental factors such as long-term exposure to cold can increase the risk of chronic diseases. However, few studies have focused on the impact of environmental factors and lifestyle changes on chronic diseases. To fully explore the association between exposure to environmental factors and the prevalent risk of various chronic diseases, we conducted a large cohort study (Environment and Chronic Disease in Rural Areas of Heilongjiang, China (ECDRAHC)). The ECDRAHC collected detailed questionnaire data covering 10 sections, physical measurements and blood and urine samples. In this study, we describe the design and implementation of the cohort study and present the findings for the first 10 000 participants. Participants The ECDRAHC study was carried out in rural areas where the annual average temperature is 2.9°C, and aimed to recruit 40 000 participants who are long-term residents aged 35–74 years. The participants will be followed up every 5 years. Currently, ECDRAHC has reached 26.7% (n=10 694) of the targeted population. Findings to date A total of 10 694 adults aged 35–74 years were recruited, including 61.7% women. The prevalence of current smokers was 46.8% in men and 35.4% in women. The mean blood pressure was 140.2/89.9 mm Hg and 135.7/85.0 mm Hg in men and women, respectively. The mean body mass index was 24.74 kg/m 2 in men and 24.65 kg/m 2 in women, with >7.3% being obese (>30 kg/m 2 ). The main non-communicable diseases found in phase 1 were hypertension, diabetes, hypertriglyceridaemia and metabolic syndrome, with a higher prevalence of 51.0%, 21.6%, 46.8% and 42.6%, respectively. Future plans We plan to complete the follow-up for the first phase of the ECDRAHC in 2024. The second and third phase of the cohort will be carried out steadily, as planned. This cohort will be used to investigate the relationship between environmental factors, lifestyle, and genetic and common chronic diseases.
Here, we sought to establish an experimental autoimmune thyroiditis rat model induced by bovine thyroglobulin (bTg) injection and to investigate pathological changes and variations in serum interferon- γ -inducible protein of 10 kDa (IP-10) in thyroid tissue following iodine treatment. Four-week-old female Lewis rats(n=135)were randomly divided into normal (NC), thyroglobulin (TG), HI, HI+TG, HII, and HII+TG groups; rats in the NC and TG groups drank only distilled water (iodine concentration: 10 μ g/L), rats in the HI and HI+TG groups were given water containing 25.7 mg/L iodine, and rats in the HII and HII+TG groups were given water containing 423.3 mg/L iodine. Rats in the TG, HI+TG, and HII+TG groups were immunized with 0.1 mL bTg (8 mg/mL) in incomplete Freund’s adjuvant once every 2 weeks for 6 weeks. Compared with the NC group, the TG, HI+TG, and HII+TG groups exhibited higher iodine intake and increased thyroid weights with increasing iodine doses(P<0.05). The high iodine intake in the TG group was associated with increased CD4 + T cells and serum IP-10. Thus, high iodine consumption aggravated the inflammatory reaction in the thyroid and mild high iodine consumption increased serum IP-10 levels after induction with bTg.
18F-FDG PET/CT provides precise information about dissemination of lymphoma lesions. Dmax, defined as distance between the two lesions that were farthest apart by PET/CT, was found to be a promising predictor of Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) outcome in a small size of clinical trial data. We analyzed the impact of Dmax on the outcome of a large real-world DLBCL cohort.Data of newly diagnosed DLBCL at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University were retrospectively collected. Baseline Dmax, clinical data and survival information were recorded. A metabolic parameter, metabolic bulk volume (MBV), was also measured to verify the independent impact of Dmax.Optimal cut-off values for Dmax and MBV were 45.34 cm and 21.65 cm3. With a median follow-up of 32 months, Dmax significantly impacted progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in 253 DLBCL patients. For Dmaxlow and Dmaxhigh groups, estimated 3-year OS were 87.0% and 53.8% (p < 0.001), while 3-year PFS were 77.3% and 37.3% (p < 0.001). And for MBVlow and MBVhighgroups, 3-year OS were 84.5% and 58.8% (p < 0.001), and 3-year PFS were 68.7% and 50.4% (p = 0.003). Multivariate analysis identified Dmax and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) independently associated with PFS and OS, while MBV only independently associated with OS. A Dmax revised prognostic index (DRPI) combining Dmax and ECOG PS identified an ultra-risk DLBCL population with 3-year PFS of 31.7% and 3-year OS of 38.5%. The area under the curve (AUC) showed that this model performed better than International prognostic Index (IPI).Dmax is a new and promising indicator to investigate dissemination of lymphoma lesions associated with the outcome of DLBCL. It significantly contributes to stratification of patients with disparate outcomes.This research has been retrospectively registered in the Ethics Committee institutional of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, and the registration number was approval No. 155 (approved date: 31 May 2022).
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