In Section 4.3, we saw how the near-surface wind field over much of Antarctica could be explained using simple diagnostic models of the katabatic wind. Such models provide realistic simulations of the mean wind at stations where the local topographic slope is reasonably uniform and not too great. However, the neglect of the non-linear inertial terms in these simplified models is not justified in regions where the topographic slope varies significantly. In such regions the advection of momentum and heat by the katabatic wind must be taken into account in order to model the local wind system correctly.
Short-wave or solar radiation drives the general circulation of the atmosphere and the weather systems that are observed on a day-to-day basis. Most of this energy is absorbed in the tropics and mid-latitude areas, with the polar regions receiving much less as a result of the low angle of the sun at these latitudes. The high albedo (reflectivity) of the snow and ice surface also results in much of the incoming solar radiation being returned to space so that the fraction absorbed is much less than that which is absorbed in the extra-polar regions. Nevertheless, radiation is still extremely important in determining the surface energy budget and also affects many aspects of the climate of the Antarctic, including the nature of the low-level temperature inversion, the katabatic wind regime and the stability of the atmosphere. In this section we will examine the various components of the surface radiation budget and consider their climatological values at three contrasting sites in the Antarctic. These are Faraday Station (65.3° S, 64.3° W) on the Argentine Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, which represents a relatively northerly location. Halley (75.5° S, 26.6° W), a coastal station on the eastern side of the Weddell Sea and Vostok (78.5° S, 106.9° E) on the Antarctic plateau, which is one of only two interior stations with a reasonably long record of radiation measurements. The data for Faraday and Halley cover the period 1963–82 and are taken from Gardiner and Shanklin (1989) whereas the Vostok observations cover the period 1963–73 and are from Dolgina et al. (1976).
Abstract : This study discusses an organizational development (OD) process (the transition program) which can be used by a leader to manage the negative organizational effects that normally accompany a change of leadership. It also addresses the differences between the use of transition programs in large complex military organizations and smaller less complex ones. Discussion concerning the use of OD transition programs in complex military organizations is based upon a case study of the program used in one of the Army's most complex commands, the United States Army Material Command. Those for smaller organizations are based on both personal training and experience with the use of OD transition programs at both company- and battalion-level commands. This study concludes that leaders at all levels can, with little risk, use a relatively simple OD process to reduce significantly the impact of a change of leadership on their organizations
The authors trace the evolution of eastern Canadian Indian beadwork, embroidery, and quillwork, emphasizing the influence of European motifs and market demands. 7 bibl. ref.
'%3e%3cpath fill='%23012169' d='M0 0v30h60V0z'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23fff' stroke-width='6' d='m0 0 60 30m0-30L0 30'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23C8102E' stroke-width='4' d='m0 0 60 30m0-30L0 30' clip-path='url(%23b)'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23fff' stroke-width='10' d='M30 0v30M0 15h60'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23C8102E' stroke-width='6' d='M30 0v30M0 15h60'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/svg%3e)
'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(72 0 0)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(-72 0 0)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='scale(-1 1) rotate(72)'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/defs%3e%3cpath fill='%23012169' d='M0 0h1200v600H0z'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23FFF' stroke-width='60' d='m0 0 600 300M0 300 600 0' clip-path='url(%23b)'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23C8102E' stroke-width='40' d='m0 0 600 300M0 300 600 0' clip-path='url(%23c)'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23FFF' stroke-width='100' d='M300 0v300M0 150h600' clip-path='url(%23b)'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23C8102E' stroke-width='60' d='M300 0v300M0 150h600' clip-path='url(%23b)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23d' fill='%23FFF' transform='matrix(45.4 0 0 45.4 900 120)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23d' fill='%23C8102E' transform='matrix(30 0 0 30 900 120)'/%3e%3cg transform='rotate(82 900 240)'%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23d' fill='%23FFF' transform='rotate(-82 519.022 -457.666) scale(40.4)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23d' fill='%23C8102E' transform='rotate(-82 519.022 -457.666) scale(25)'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cg transform='rotate(82 900 240)'%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23d' fill='%23FFF' transform='rotate(-82 668.57 -327.666) scale(45.4)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23d' fill='%23C8102E' transform='rotate(-82 668.57 -327.666) scale(30)'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23d' fill='%23FFF' transform='matrix(50.4 0 0 50.4 900 480)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23d' fill='%23C8102E' transform='matrix(35 0 0 35 900 480)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e)