To assess the long-term outcome of mitral balloon valvotomy (MBV) and identify predictors of restenosis- and event-free survival.We report the immediate and long-term clinical and echocardiographic results in 493 patients, mean age 31+/-11, who underwent successful MBV and were followed-up for 0.5-15 years (median 5+/-3) with clinical and echocardiographic examination. After MBV, mitral valve area increased from 0.84+/-0.2 to 1.83+/-0.53 cm(2) (P<0.0001) as measured by catheter and from 0.92+/-0.17 to 1.96+/-0.29 cm(2) as measured by two-dimensional echo. Restenosis occurred in 86/493 (17.4%) patients and it was less frequent in patients with low echo score. Actuarial freedom from restenosis at 5, 7, 10, and 13 years were 89+/-1, 81+/-2, 68+/-3, and 51+/-6%, respectively, and was significantly higher in patients with low echo score. Event-free survival (death, redo MBV, mitral valve replacement, New York Heart Association functional Class III or IV) at 5, 7, 10, and 13 years were 92+/-1, 87+/-2, 80+/-3, and 74+/-3%, respectively, and was significantly higher for patients with low echo score. Cox regression analysis identified mitral echocardiographic score (MES) >8 as predictors of restenosis (P=0.0004) and MES and age as predictors of event-free survival (P=0.0003 and 0.004, respectively).MBV has excellent long-term results for selected patients with mitral stenosis. The long-term outcome after this procedure can be predicted from baseline clinical and valvular characteristics.
the other presented at 5 months of age with profound cyanosis and left heart dilatation without congenital heart disease and without lung hypoplasia, both patients underwent successful occlusion of the fistula by amplatzer occluding devices with normalization of saturation without complications at five years of follow up. Conclusion: Diagnosis of large pulmonary fistula is feasible in the fetus and early infancy with excellent outcome by catheter intervention in absence of congenital heart disease or lung hypoplasia.
Chronic coronary syndromes (CCS) and stable angina are a growing clinical burden worldwide. This is of particular concern in the Gulf region given its high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, especially diabetes mellitus and smoking. Despite recommendations on the use of first- and second-line anti-anginal medication, management challenges remain. Current guidelines for pharmacologic treatment are not determined by the range of pathophysiological mechanisms of ischaemia and consequent angina, which may occur either in isolation or co-exist. In this article, we highlight the need to improve knowledge of the epidemiology of chronic coronary syndromes in the Middle East and Gulf region, and the need for studies of stratified pharmacologic approaches to improve symptomatic angina and quality of life in the large and growing number of patients with coronary artery disease from this region. We discuss the role of nicorandil, currently recommended as a second-line anti-anginal drug in CCS patients, and suggest that this may be a particularly useful add-on therapy for patients in the Gulf region.
A nomalous right coronary artery (RCA) origin, an extremely rare but well described condition and cause of myocardial ischemia, arrhythmia, and syncope, has recently become recognized as a cause of sudden cardiac death in the young. 1 In contrast to the previously reported cases of RCA anomalies, we report this unique case of angina and sudden cardiac death caused by anomalous RCA origin from above the left coronary cusp.It is unique in that it occurred in a female, had a late onset of presentation, and was associated with no other cardiac abnormalities.e patient underwent successful revascularization. Casee patient was a 67-year-old female who presented with a three-month history of angina pectoris and one episode of sudden cardiac death while shopping at a nearby supermarket that was successfully resuscitated.She had no other risk factors for coronary artery disease.Acute myocardial infarction was ruled out.Physical examination was unremarkable with normal blood pressure and heart rate.EKG, CXR, and echocardiogram as well as CBC, renal, lipid and hepatic profile all were normal.A stress MIBI SPECT scan was positive for large inferior reversible defect (Figure 1).Cardiac catheterization and coronary angiogram revealed an anomalous RCA origin from above the left coronary cusp (Figure 2), with its proximal segment between the aorta and pulmonary trunk and a normal course thereafter.is artery was dominant and free of any significant lesions.e left main coronary artery was short, wide, and free of any significant lesions, and in addition to the left circumflex
Objectives. To evaluate the intermediate results of intracoronary (IC) eptifibatide administration during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Background : Several studies tested intravenous (IV) bolus and continuous administration of eptifibatide during PCI. There is no present data available considering giving eptifibatide during PCI as IC bolus alone. Methods : Clinical outcomes of 376 patients who received stents + eptifibatide by 3 different routes during PCI and were followed up for over 24 months. Group A (119 patients) had IC eptifibatide bolus only; group B (119 patients) had IC bolus and continuous IV infusion and group C (138 patients) had IV bolus and continuous IV infusion. The standard systemic bolus doses of eptifibatide 180 micg /kg was given either via IC or IV route and only groups B and C received continuous IV infusion at 2 micg /kg/min for 18–24 hours. Results : Patients, procedural characteristics and outcomes are shown (Table). The 6, 12, 24-month cumulative TVR was lower in group A (6.7, 11.7, 12.5%) compared to group B (9.2, 14.2, 15 %) and group C (17.4, 30.4, 34 %) P = 0.018 as well as the composite endpoint of death or MI (2.5, 5.8, 9.4) P = 0.015. The frequency of major, minor bleeding and rehospitalization was significantly lower in-group A (2.4, 5.8, 10.9%) compared to group B (7.5, 11.7, 16.8%) and group C (9.5, 17, 28%) P Conclusion : The IC bolus alone route of eptifibatide may be safer and superior to the IV route and continuous infusion may not be necessary. Large-scale prospective randomized trials are needed to validate these findings.
A prospective cohort study was conducted. The practice in three clinics, cardiology, primary care, and endocrine, was assessed by data collection including demographic information, lipid profile (HDL, triglyceride, LDL, total cholesterol), and lipid-lowering drugs. All consecutive patients with hyperlipidemia were included. Extensive educational sessions have been implemented at the beginning of the study. Morisky score was assessed at the initial visit and months 3 and 9 to assess the medicatio
Appropriate management of patients with mechanical prosthetic valves on warfarin during dental procedures is crucial. If the patients continue warfarin, they might develop bleeding, while interruption of therapy can cause thromboembolic events. Bridging therapy (mostly heparin) is used in some patients, while others stop medications. There is no unifying protocol. Information on management of patients on warfarin undergoing dental procedures in Saudi Arabia is lacking. Therefore, the current study aimed to provide more insight into various approaches utilized by clinicians to deal with such patients at a large teaching hospital in Riyadh, and to evaluate the frequency and severity of bleeding and thromboembolic complications during different types of dental procedures in this population. This was a cohort study. Patient records were used to collect data on peri-procedural management of patients on warfarin, continuation or interruption of warfarin therapy, as well as bleeding and thromboembolic complications. Fifty medical records were reviewed from March to October 2012. Regarding management, 10% had no proper documentation, 74% underwent bridging therapy, 12% discontinued warfarin therapy, and 4% continued warfarin. Of the patients, 31% had minor bleeding (15% in patients on bridging therapy and 16% in patients continuing warfarin). Thromboembolic complications were documented in 4%, (2% in those on bridging therapy and 2% in those discontinuing warfarin). Patients on bridging therapy (heparin) were admitted to the hospital for a mean of five days, and none of the other patients were admitted. Adopting the protocol to continue warfarin caused bleeding tendency that was controlled with the usual measures, with more cost effectiveness, and no thromboembolic risks.