Xingliang Chen

Chinese Academy of Forestry

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Yan-Rui Liu

Shandong University

Peng-Zhi Huang

Peking University

Wei-Zhen Deng

Peking University

Shi-Lin Zhu

Chongqing Bureau of Geology and Minerals Exploration

Yaquan Dou

Research Institute of Forestry Policy and Information

Yongheng Zhao

Central Hospital of Wuhan

Qi Xiang

Central South University of Forestry and Technology

A. Zhang

Peking University

Jing Peng

Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Jiawen Yan

Hangzhou Botanical Garden

Cooperative Institutions

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Peking University

University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Hangzhou Botanical Garden

Beijing Forestry University

National Astronomical Observatories

Central South University of Forestry and Technology

Central South University

State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology

Research Institute of Forestry Policy and Information

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Has the Development of the Non-Timber Forest Products Industry Achieved Poverty Alleviation? Evidence from Lower-Income Forest Areas in Yunnan Province

Forests (2023)

Yaquan Dou Jian Wu Ya Li Xingliang Chen Xiaodi Zhao

Considering the notion that “lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets”, the effective exploitation of the economic value of forest resources is an important research topic, especially in forest-rich areas. The development of the non-timber forest products (NTFPs) industry has promoted both ecological and economic benefits and has effectively improved farmers’ incomes while protecting forest resources. In order to evaluate the effects of the NTFPs industry on sustaining farmers’ livelihoods and protecting ecological environments, we constructed a performance evaluation index system to determine the poverty alleviation performance of the NTFPs industry in Yunnan Province using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), which covered three aspects: the achievement of poverty alleviation, the sustainability of poverty alleviation and satisfaction with poverty alleviation. Then, we selected Sanhe Village in Nujiang Prefecture, Yunnan Province, as an example to verify and rationalize the evaluation index system and comprehensively evaluate the poverty alleviation performance of the NTFPs industry. Based on data from questionnaires and field interviews, we found the following: (1) the overall poverty alleviation performance of the NTFPs industry in Sanhe Village was 79.33, which indicated that the effect was good; (2) the scores for the achievement of poverty alleviation, the sustainability of poverty alleviation and satisfaction with poverty alleviation were 50.56, 18.57 and 10.2, respectively; (3) there were some problems with the poverty alleviation performance of the NTFPs industry, such as limited capital investments, the weak roles of cooperatives and enterprises, the low enthusiasm of lower-income households and incomplete poverty alleviation projects. Finally, we devised some suggestions that could improve the poverty alleviation performance of the NTFPs industry. This paper presents the performance evaluation index system for the poverty alleviation performance of the NTFPs industry, which could provide a reference for evaluating the developmental effects of the NTFPs industry in other lower-income forest areas. Through our empirical analysis of the development effects of the NTFPs industry on farmers’ livelihoods and ecological environments in Sanhe Village, we found that the development of the NTFPs industry significantly improved the farmers’ livelihoods and ecological environments.

10.3390/f14040776

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Quiescent luminous red galaxies as cosmic chronometers: on the significance of mass and environmental dependence

Astronomy and Astrophysics (2015)

G.-C. Liu Youjun Lu Lizhi Xie Xingliang Chen Yongheng Zhao

Massive luminous red galaxies (LRGs) are believed to be evolving passively and can be used as cosmic chronometers to estimate the Hubble constant. However, different LRGs may be located in different environments. The environmental effects may limit the use of the LRGs as cosmic chronometers. We aim to investigate the environmental and mass dependence of the formation of 'quiescent' LRGs selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Date Release 8 and to pave the way for using LRGs as cosmic chronometers. Using the population synthesis software STARLIGHT, we derive the stellar populations in each LRG through the full spectrum fitting and obtain the mean age distribution and the mean star formation history (SFH) of those LRGs. We find that there is no apparent dependence of the mean age and the SFH of quiescent LRGs on their environment, while the ages of those quiescent LRGs depend weakly on their mass. We compare the SFHs of the SDSS LRGs with those obtained from a semi-analytical galaxy formation model, and find that they are roughly consistent with each other if we consider the errors in the STARLIGHT-derived ages. We find that a small fraction of later star formation in LRGs leads to a systematical overestimation (~28 %) of the Hubble constant by the differential age method, and the systematical errors in the STARLIGHT-derived ages may lead to an underestimation (~ 16 %) of the Hubble constant. However, these errors can be corrected by a detailed study of the mean SFH of those LRGs and by calibrating the STARLIGHT-derived ages to those obtained independently by other methods. The environmental effects do not play significant role in the age estimates of quiescent LRGs, and the quiescent LRGs as a population can be used securely as cosmic chronometers.

10.1051/0004-6361/201525863

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Introduction

Xingliang Chen

Hume, a famous British philosopher, points out that it is evident, that all the sciences have a relation, greater or less, to human natureHuman Nature; and that however wide any of them may seem to run from it, they still return by one passage or another. The content of criminal law is to regulate human behaviors. The existence and application of any kind of criminal law norm are essentially reasonable only when it is based on the scientific hypothesis of human nature. Therefore, the original thinking of criminal law is bound to extend the theoretical tentacles to the human nature issue with ultimate significance.

Human science

10.1007/978-981-19-9764-8_1

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Freedom of Will: A History of Theories

Xingliang Chen

By comparing the assumptions of human natureHuman Nature between the classical school of criminologyClassical School of Criminology and the positivist school of criminologyPositivist School of Criminology, we can find that the key to the differences in understanding human nature between the two schools lies in whether people have free willFree Will. The classical school assumes man as a rational person, thereby affirming man's free will, while the positivist school of criminology assumes man as an experienced manExperienced Man, thereby denying man's free willFree Will. Therefore, an in-depth investigation of the criminal law thinking of the classical school and the positivist school of criminologyPositivist School of Criminology is impossible to exclude the issue of free will. There is no doubt that free will is first and foremost a philosophical problem, but it is closely related to law, especially criminal law, and can be said to be a prerequisite basis for criminal law theories. Engels pointed out, "It is hard to deal with morality and law without coming up against the question of so-called free willFree Will, of man's mental responsibility, of the relation between necessity and freedom."

Positivism

Criminal responsibility

10.1007/978-981-19-9764-8_4

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Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil of Camphora glanduliferum ‘Honganzhang’

Horticulturae (2025)

Yang Yang Qi Xiang Yinan Yang Dengqun Shu Jiawen Yan

As an excellent variety of Camphora glanduliferum, Honganzhang has high essential oil content and can be used as industrial and pharmaceutical raw materials to extract essential oil, which has high development value. In this study, fresh branches and leaves of C. glanduliferum ’Honganzhang’ were used as materials. After extracting C. glanduliferum ’Honganzhang’ essential oils (CGHEO) by steam distillation, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyze its chemical components. On this basis, the antibacterial effect of CGHEO and its potential physiological mechanism were further explored. The results showed that the main components of CGHEO were Cineole (46.57%), α-terpineol (9.93%), Sabinene (8.02%), β-terpinene (6.04%), and α-pinene (4.49%), these compounds can be used in medicine, food and other industries. In terms of antibacterial effect, CGHEO has significant antibacterial effects on three Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and two Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus). CGHEO can reduce Na+K+-ATPase activity and SDH activity and further interfere with the operation of the bacterial respiratory chain, thereby achieving the effect of inhibiting bacterial reproduction. Based on the main chemical components contained in C. glanduliferum ’Honganzhang’ and its remarkable antibacterial effect, this study is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the wide application of C. glanduliferum ’Honganzhang’ in multiple fields such as medicine, health care, food, and industry.

10.3390/horticulturae11010067

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Heavy and light pentaquark effective chiral Lagrangian

Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D, Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology (2004)

Yan-Rui Liu A. Zhang Peng-Zhi Huang Wei-Zhen Deng Xingliang Chen

Using the SU(3) flavor symmetry, we construct the effective chiral Lagrangians for the light and heavy pentaquarks. With the correction from the nonzero current quark mass, we derive the Gell-Mann--Okubo type relations for various pentaquark multiplet masses. We also derive Coleman-Glashow relations for antisextet heavy pentaquark magnetic moments. We study possible decays of pentaquarks into conventional hadrons and interactions between and within various pentaquark multiplets and derive their coupling constants in the SU(3) flavor symmetry limit. Possible kinematically allowed pionic decay modes are pointed out. Finally we discuss the possible mixing between different pentaquark multiplets induced by the quark mass which breaks SU(3) symmetry. The pentaquark decay patterns receive correction from this breaking effect.

Pentaquark

Multiplet

10.1103/physrevd.70.094045

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Human Nature Foundation of Punishment

Xingliang Chen

Punishment is a social response to crimes. Crimes can be analyzed from both ontological and axiological perspectives, in the same way, punishments can also take these two perspectives as frameworks to analyze human natureHuman Nature. The ontology of punishment, premised on the ontology of crime, studies punishment as a phenomenon of social control, and it is the study of penology.

Penology

Punishment (psychology)

Foundation (evidence)

Phenomenon

10.1007/978-981-19-9764-8_8

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Freedom of Will: Ontology

Xingliang Chen

In the sense of ontology, freedom of will refers to the question of whether there is a cause for will. If there is a cause for will, the will is determined, or the will is free. So, freedom here means freedom in the sense opposite of necessity. The freedom of will in ontology involves the basic issues of philosophy.

10.1007/978-981-19-9764-8_5

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Freedom of Will: Axiology

Xingliang Chen

Freedom of will means that the will can dominate one's actions in the sense of axiologyAxiology. If one's actions are dominated by his will, or, resulted from his choices, the will is free; if not, the will is not free. The actions carried out with free will are valuable for the actor, which can be imputed to him; but if the actions carried out without free willFree Will are unworthiness for the actor, which can't be imputed to him. Therefore, the freedom of will here is a precondition of responsibility, and it is a kind of ethical freedom of choice.

Axiology

Precondition

Freedom of choice

10.1007/978-981-19-9764-8_6

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The Impact of Forestry Technological Innovation on the Welfare of Farm Households Managing Jujube Forests (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) in the Lüliang Mountains of the Yellow River’s Middle Reaches

Forests (2024)

Jin Wang Xuemei Jiang Xingliang Chen Jingjing Zhang Yaquan Dou

Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) makes up a traditional characteristic industry with ecological significance in the Lüliang Mountain of middle reaches of the Yellow River (LMMRYR). However, low economic efficiency has reduced local farm households’ willingness to continue jujube cultivation, threatening the sustainable maintenance and development of jujube forests and the ecological environment. In response, Lüliang City implemented a technological innovation program, that is, the Jujube Forest High Grafting and Optimization Program (JFHGOP), in 2018. Based on survey data from 302 local farm households, an empirical analysis using propensity score matching and ordinary least squares methods revealed that the program significantly enhanced the economic, ecological, and social benefits for participating farm households, improving their overall welfare. Robustness tests confirmed these findings, and a heterogeneity analysis showed varied impacts across different dimensions. The program improved welfare through government support and cooperatives’ assistance. To further promote green development and farm households’ welfare, recommendations include advancing forestry innovation technology, supporting small farm households with policy, capital, and technology, optimizing subsidy mechanisms, supporting new business entities, and promoting cooperation and benefit-sharing among stakeholders.

Ziziphus jujuba

10.3390/f15091592

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