3x Thermal Afocal Lens, instant magnification to a number of Nivisys thermal products. Designed specifically for the TAM-14 thermal monocular, the magnifier features a rugged design that stands up to diverse applications and military specifications to del
This study is aiming to understand the jet flow behavior in the pilot stage of a flapper-nozzle hydraulic servo-valve and to study the characteristics between the flow field distribution and the inlet velocity. After the construction and working principle of the hydraulic servo-valve are introduced, the mathematical models for the flow field simulation based on standard k-e model for turbulent flow are built. Velocity and pressure distributions of jet flow in both x-y and x-z planes are simulated at different inlet velocity and different size of the geometric model. The simulation results show the flow field distribution, variation of the vortex and pressure oscillations inside the jet flow field with the increase of inlet velocity. Theoretical basis is provided for the control of self-excited noise in a hydraulic servo-valve and better design of the flapper-nozzle pilot stage.
High-speed, high-accuracy data converters are attractive for use in most RF applications. Such converters allow direct conversion to occur between the digital baseband and the antenna. However, high speed and high accuracy make the analog components in a converter more complex, and this complexity causes more power to be dissipated than if a traditional approach were taken. static calibration technique for flash analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) is discussed in this paper. The calibration is based on histogram test methods, and equivalent errors in the flash ADC comparators are estimated in the digital domain without any significant changes being made to the ADC comparators. In the trimming process, reference voltages are adjusted to compensate for static errors. Behavioral-level simulations of a moderate-resolution 8-bit flash ADC show that, for typical errors, ADC performance is considerably improved by the proposed technique. As a result of calibration, the differential nonlinearities (DNLs) are reduced on average from 4 LSB to 0.5 LSB, and the integral nonlinearities (INLs) are reduced on average from 4.2 LSB to 0.35 LSB. Implementation issues for this proposed technique are discussed in our subsequent paper, A Histogram-Based Static-Error Correction Technique for Flash ADCs: Implementation Aspects.
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