The mechanisms for the oxidation of phenyl and hydride ligands of bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)hafnium derivatives (Cp* = η(5)-C5Me5) by nitrous oxide via selective oxygen atom transfer reactions have been systematically studied by means of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. On the basis of the calculations, we investigated the original mechanism proposed by Hillhouse and co-workers for the activation of N2O. The calculations showed that the complex with an initial O-coordination of N2O to the coordinatively unsaturated Hf center is not a local minimum. Then we proposed a new reaction mechanism to investigate how N2O is activated and why N2O selectively oxidize phenyl and hydride ligands of . Frontier molecular orbital theory analysis indicates that N2O is activated by nucleophilic attack by the phenyl or hydride ligand. Present calculations provide new insights into the activation of N2O involving the direct oxygen atom transfer from nitrous oxide to metal-ligand bonds instead of the generally observed oxygen abstraction reaction to generate metal-oxo species.
Therapy-related acute lymphoblastic leukemia represents a distinct entity associated with inferior survival compared with de novo acute lymphoblastic leukemia. It consists of a subset of patients who have had exposure to chemotherapy or radiation for a previous malignancy. Here, we describe a case of acute myeloid leukemia who later developed precursor B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and discuss the current relevant literature. Our case highlights the importance of classifying therapy-related acute lymphoblastic leukemia as a separate as entity based on its biologic and clinical features.
Abstract Background: Patients with early gastric cancer whose pathological evaluation was eCuraC-2 after ESD had a high risk of lymph node metastasis and were recommended for further surgery. But previous studies showed that only 5.7-8.2% of patients with non-curative resection actually have lymph node metastasis. For elderly patients, whether additional surgery is beneficial needs to be further explored due to their poor physical fitness. Objectives: To compare the long-term outcome of additional surgery and follow-up in elderly patients with early gastric cancer and a pathological evaluation of eCuraC-2 after ESD, and analyze the factors affecting their survival. Design: A retrospective cohort study. Methods: The data of the patients at our center from April 2014 to September 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into the follow-up group and additional surgery group. Propensity score matching was used to control for confounding factors between the two groups. The prognosis of the two groups was compared and the factors affecting survival were analyzed. Results: The follow-up group was older on average and had a higher incidence of ulcers, larger tumor diameters, and less involvement of SM2/SM3 compared to the additional surgery group. After propensity matching, there was no significant difference in the long-term outcomes between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that the CCI (Charlson Comorbidity Index), PNI (prognostic nutritional index), and lymphovascular invasion were independent factors affecting OS (overall survival) and lymphovascular invasion was an independent factor affecting DSS (disease-specific survival) in elderly patients with early gastric cancer who underwent ESD and had a pathological evaluation of eCuraC-2. Conclusion: Elderly patients with early gastric cancer and a pathological evaluation of eCuraC-2 after ESD can be safely monitored with caution. Additionally, CCI, PNI, and lymphovascular invasion can be used to predict their long-term outcomes.
Objective To investigate the correlation between the helicbacter piloril(Hp) infection in the soldiers under severe cold condition.Methods According to cluster sampling,450 soldiers stationed in latitude 45°-50° garrison were recruited.The standard questionnaire of Rome Ⅳ was used to perform investigation.The infection of Hp(FD group) was inspected through 14C urea breath test,and the situation of Hp infection was compared and analyzed with those without FD(healthy group).Results A total of 426 valid questionnaires were returned.There were 66 cases of FD,the incidence of FD was 15.5%(66/426),including postprandial distress syndrome was 9.6%(41/426) and epigastric pain syndrome was 5.9%(25/426).According to the further analysis of different com-plications,the rate of fullness after meal was 6.1%(26/426);the incidence of epigastric burning was 1.9%(8/426);the incidence of epigastric pain was 3.5%(15/426);the incidence of early saturation was 2.8%(13/426);the incidence of nausea was 1.6%(7/426);the incidence of vomiting was 0.9%(4/426);the incidence of anorexia was 2.6%(11/426);the incidence of belching was 3.8%(16/426);among them,19 cases were mixture of different syndromes and the incidence was 4.5%(19/426).The infection of Hp was 28.8%(19/66) in FD group,which was significantly higher than 13.6%(9/66) in the healthy group(P<0.05).Conclu-sion The incidence of FD is a common disease among the soldiers under severe cold condition.Postprandial fullness and mixture of different symptoms are the main clinical manifestations.The infection of Hp in the FD group is higher.Therefore,attention should be paid to the role of Hp infection in the treatment of FD among the soldiers under severe cold condition.
In this study, gellan gums with different acyl contents were prepared, and their effects on blueberry cloudy juices were compared. The rheological properties, stability coefficients, sedimentations, color parameters and particle size distributions of blueberry cloudy juices with 0.035% (w/w) of gellan gum were measured. As the acyl content increased, the viscosity increased, and the sedimentation and stability coefficient values decreased. Gellan gums with higher acyl contents provided better beverage stabilizing capabilities through stricter enforcement of the molecular associations. Overall, this study provides valuable information for enhancing the gelation and stabilization of blueberry cloudy juices, confirms the superiority of high acyl gellan gums for inhibiting the color fading of anthocyanins, and further guides the development of novel product concepts.Cloudy juices made from blueberries have many benefits. However, the particles in cloudy juices will flocculate during storage, resulting in an undesirable precipitate. In our work, gellan gums with different acyl contents were prepared and applied to blueberry juice to prevent aggregation. The results provide valuable information for enhancing the stabilization of blueberry juices, confirm the superiority of high acyl gellan for inhibiting color fading, and further guide the development of novel product concepts.
An appropriate cutoff of age and the impact of age on colorectal cancer outcomes remain unclear and need to be explored, particularly in China. In total, 2460 colorectal cancer patients were studied retrospectively. All patients were divided into 6 groups according to their ages at the time of diagnosis: ≤30, 31 to 35, 36 to 40, 41 to 45, 46 to 50, and ≥50 years. A suitable cutoff age for defining young adult colorectal cancer was explored according to the distribution of survival in each group. Clinical characteristics and prognosis between the young adult group and the older group were then compared. According to the survival curves for each group, 35 years old was considered a suitable cutoff age for defining young adult colorectal cancer. There were 140 (5.7%) and 2320 (94.3%) cases in the young adult and older groups, respectively. The proportion of stage III–IV tumors was significantly higher in the young adult group (69.3%) than in the older group (46.4%) (P = 0.000). The univariate analysis showed that the 5-year overall survival (OS) rate and the 10-year OS rate in the young adult group were 48.9% and 38.6%, respectively, whereas in the older group, they were 63.6% and 56.9%, respectively. The young adult group had a worse prognosis (P = 0.000). The multivariate analysis showed that age was not an independent prognostic factor (relative risk 0.787, P = 0.062). After adjusting for tumor stage, the hazard proportion of death in the young adult group increased by 27.6%, but this difference was not significant (P = 0.053). Stratified analyses showed that the young adults with stage IV tumors had a worse survival rate (P = 0.046). Patients ≤35 years who were diagnosed with colorectal cancer had a worse prognosis because of a higher proportion of advanced stage tumors. When stage-to-stage analysis was performed, it was found that young adult colorectal cancer patients had a worse outcome only if they had stage IV tumors.
The fruit peel color is a crucial trait of cucumber. To better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying cucumber peel coloration, we compared the UPLC-ESI-MS/MS-based flavonoid metabolomic and RNA sequencing-based transcriptomic profiling of the brown peeled cucumber line 'PW' at six developmental stages. A total of 210 flavonoid metabolites were identified. Of which, 117 flavonoid metabolites were differentially accumulated. In this study, weighted gene co-expression network analysis combined with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes enrichment analysis revealed key genes coding for seven enzymes and eight transcription factors (TFs) associated with flavonoid biosynthesis. Among them, the R2R3MYB CsaV3_4G001130 is the best candidate gene that is responsible for controlling mature fruit colors in cucumber. Sanger sequencing revealed one nonsynonymous SNP in the exon of CsaV3_4G001130 among the selected 11 cucumber lines, which introduced a premature stop codon, generating a truncated protein in pale yellow or creamy peeled fruits. Yeast two-hybrid assays showed a direct interaction of CsaV3_4G001130 with the bHLH TF CsaV3_1G002260 and the WD40 protein CsaV3_5G001800. However, the interactions were influenced by the nonsynonymous SNP we identified. Our finding revealed that the integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis further demonstrated that the abundance of some pigmented flavonoids (especially anthocyanins and chalcones) contributed to the coloration of 'PW' fruits. These findings pave the way for elucidation of flavonoid biosynthesis and improvement of cucumber peel color in the future.
AIM:To observe protective effects of ginkgolide(Gin) of rat cortical neurons from early apoptosis induced by hypoxia.METHOD: Primary culture of E 14-16days fetal rat cortical neurons was used to establish hypoxia injury model. There were three groups: Gin group, blank control group and positive control group. The three groups were also subdivided into two subgroups: hypoxia with glucose (glucose group) and hypoxia without glucose (glucose-free group). The neuronal viability in primary cultures from rat cerebral cortex was assessed using MTT assays. The quality changes of neuronal early apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry (FCM) using Annexin V-PE staining. RESULT:MTT assays indicated that Gin apparently increased viability of cortical neurons and that viability of glucose group is prior to that of glucose-free group. FCM results suggested that the apoptosis number of Gin(ultimate concentration 37.5 μg/ml) group was markedly lower than that of blank group and the apoptosis number of glucose group was higher than that of glucose-free group. CONCLUSION:Gin(37.5 μg/ml) protected rat cortical neurons induced by hypoxia and could antagonise early apoptosis of neurons.
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