Objectif:L'objectif de ce travail est l'évaluation nutritionnelle chez des femmes enceintes (témoins et obèses) de la région de Tlemcen; afin de contribuer à la connaissance des habitudes alimentaires chez les femmes algériennes au cours de leur grossesse. Matériel et méthodes : L'enquête nutritionnelle comprend un questionnaire de rappels des 24 heures où la consommation journalière des principaux nutriments est estimée à l'aide d'un programme nutritionnel intégrant la composition des différents types d'aliments. Un questionnaire de fréquence alimentaire (fréquence de consommation moyenne des aliments groupés par famille de composition voisine) et un questionnaire Baromètre santé nutrition explorent les comportements alimentaires basés sur des repères de consommation équilibrée chez le groupe étudié. Résultats : L'enquête nutritionnelle révèle chez les femmes enceintes obèses une augmentation significative de l'apport calorique total, conséquence de consommation excessive d'aliments riches en macronutriments énergétiques (glucides simples, acides gras saturés et cholestérol). L'évaluation des apports en micronutriments montre une surconsommation de sodium et potassium et une carence en calcium, vitamines C et E, et vitamines B9 et 12. Quant à l'évaluation qualitative, elle nous a démontré les mauvaises habitudes alimentaires qui marquent l'obésité maternelle. Conclusion : L'obésité maternelle pré-gestationnelle est associée à de multiples troubles nutritionnelles néfastes pour le déroulement de la grossesse mais aussi responsables d'anomalies du développement fœtal. Une prise en charge pluridisciplinaire des femmes obèses, avant et pendant leur grossesse, est nécessaire à l'instauration d'une meilleure prévention nutritionnelle des pathologies liées à l'obésité dans la politique de santé publique.
Introduction: The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread rapidly, infecting more than 194 million and killing more than 4 million people worldwide. Algeria has not escaped this scourge; according to World Health Organization (WHO), 162,155 confirmed cases and 4,063 deaths have been recorded from 3rd January 2020 to 26th July 2021. Recent studies have indicated the critical role of an altered immune system, and oxidative stress in the pathological process contributing to several complications during COVID-19 disease. Aim: To determine blood markers, oxidant/antioxidant status and biochemical parameters in patients highly recovered from COVID-19 and compare with those who have never contracted COVID-19; considered as controls. Materials and Methods: The present case-control study was conducted in Tiaret, Algeria, between May 2021 and June 2021. Thirty healthy volunteers who had never contracted COVID-19 and 16 volunteers who recovered from COVID-19 in the last six months were included in the study. Blood samples were taken after 8 to 12 hours of fasting, the blood markers and biochemical parameters were evaluated. The participant with chronic diseases (diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, kidney disease) was excluded. Student’s t-test was performed for statistical comparison between the two groups. Statistical analysis was performed using Excel Microsoft 2010 software. Results. The control group consisted of 46.7% male (n=14) and 53.3% females (n=16). While, the case group consisted of 62.5% males (n=10) and 37.5% females (n=6). The plasma levels of Low Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (LDL-C), p-value=0.004** and creatinine increased very significantly in the cases compared to the controls. While, total cholesterol, p-value=0.04* and Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (GPT), p-value=0.03* increased significantly in the case group on comparision to the control group. On the other hand, erythrocyte Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, p-value=0.009** increased very significantly in the case group compared to controls. The erythrocyte activity catalase decreased highly significantly in the case group compared to the controls. But erythrocyte Reduced glutathione (GSH) decreased very significantly in group cases compared to controls. Conclusion: The findings in the present study confirmed the persistence of metabolic alterations and oxidative stress in COVID-19 patients after recovery. Antioxidant supplementation is recommended to improve redox status and reduce oxidative stress after recovery
We investigated the role of dietary linseed oil in the modulation of biochemical parameters and oxidant/antioxidant markers in cafeteria-induced obese rats and their offspring. Female wistar rats were fed on control or cafeteria diet, supplemented or not with linseed oil (5%) for one month before and during the gestation. At parturition, the mothers and their offspring were killed. Weight gain, food intake, serum biochemical and oxidant/antioxidant markers were determined. Cafeteria diet induced a significant increase in body weight, food intake and adverse alterations in biochemical parameters such as an increase in serum glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol and oxidant markers. Linseed oil supplementation induced a reduction in weight gain, serum lipids and a modulation of oxidative stress, improving metabolic status. In conclusions, linseed oil displayed remarkable health benefits by decreasing plasma and oxidant/antioxidant markers in both obese mothers and their newborns.
The aim of the present work was to study how dietary olive and linseed oils modulate the rat metabolic responses to cafeteria diet during aging. Male older rats (ten months aged) weighing 350 to 400g were fed a standard chow or a cafeteria diet containing either olive oil (5%) or olive-linseed oils (2.5% olive, 2.5% linseed) for two months. Changes in serum glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, liver and adipose tissue lipids and fatty acid composition, hepatic triglyceride lipase (HTGL), adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) activities and intracellular redox status (glutathione, malondialdehyde and carbonyl proteins) were determined at the end of the experiment. The cafeteria diet intake led to higher energy intake with higher body weight, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperleptinemia and hyperlipidemia, liver and adipose lipid accumulation, alterations in lipolytic enzyme activities (high HSL and low HTGL activities) and intracellular oxidative stress (high malondialdehyde and carbonyl protein levels) in older rats. Olive oil and olive-linseed oils supplementation modulated liver and adipose tissue protein, cholesterol and triglyceride contents in both control and obese older rats, with beneficial effects resulting in lower energy intake and lower body weight, lower adipose fat deposition, decreased lipids, upregulated lipolytic enzyme activities and reduced intracellular oxidative stress. The combination olive-linseed oils appeared to be more effective in metabolic improvements especially in obese older rats. In conclusion, olive-linseed oils supplementation induced lower energy intake associated to an improvement of metabolic alterations observed in obesity during aging in rats.
Liver diseases are linked in the majority of cases to oxidative stress that antioxidants could neutralize with reducing liver injury. Chlorogenic acid, a coffee polyphenol, possesses antioxidant prosperities. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro preventive and corrective effects of cholorogenic acid in hepatocyte toxicity induced by free radicals. Hepatocytes were isolated from adult male Wistar rats. To determine corrective effects and reparation, cells were first exposed to two free radical generators (hydrogen peroxide/iron sulfate for hydroxyl radical formation, and phenazine methosulfate/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide for superoxide anion formation) for 12H and thereafter treated by chlorogenic acid (1 and 10 μM final concentration) for another 12H. To show preventive effects, cells were pretreated by chlorogenic acid and thereafter exposed to free radical generators. Hepatocyte proliferation, glucose uptake, ATP contents, membrane fluidity and integrity, and intracellular redox status were investigated after 24H culture. The results showed that chlorogenic acid reversed the decrease in cell proliferation, glucose uptake and ATP levels, the increased LDH release and the reduced membrane fluidity and restored the oxidant/antioxidant status under oxidative stress. When pre-treated with chlorogenic acid, hepatocytes became very resistant to oxidative conditions and cellular homeostasis was maintained. In conclusion, chlorogenic acid displayed not only corrective but also preventive effects in hepatocytes exposed to oxidative stress and could be beneficial in patients with or at risk of liver diseases.
The aim of this study is to show the relationship between the adherence score to the Midetaraneen diet and the effects of metformin and insulin on metabolic disorders and oxydatif stress markers in Algerian men with T2D, in order to recommend the best treatment, which can minimize diabetes complications and demonstrate the value of adapting a Mediterranean diet in the management of T2D. Patients and Methods: We made this study on 120 men recruited from Sabra and 120 men recruited from Maghnia, Tlemcen (Algeria). Each group is divided into four groups (30 healthy control, 30 T2D without treatment, 30 T2D with metformin, and 30 T2D with insulin). A 14-item dietary questionnaire was applied to each individual to define adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Blood samples are collected for the determination of biochemical parameters (glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol, high and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and oxidative markers (superoxide anion, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, carbonyl proteins, oxygen radical absorbance capacity, vitamin C, catalase, glutathione). Our results show that type 2 diabetics from Maghnia have a higher adherence score to the Midetaranean diet compared to those from Sabra. This difference is related to the dietary and cultural diversity of each region. Moreover, Our results show that insulin reduces more lipid parameters than metformin, moreover, the oxidant/antioxidant status became normal in patients treated with metformin especially in Maghnia patients compared to Sabra diabetics. Conclusion: Insulin treatment is more effective in improving the lipid profile than metformin treatment. In addition, the combination of metformin, which reverses the redox changes associated with diabetes, and insulin, which improves all lipid profiles, should be prescribed in patients with type 2 diabetes in diabetics with high oxidative stress and hypertriglyceridemia. Moreover, the adaptation of a Mediterranean diet in Maghnia men has provided good control of type 2 diabetes.
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