Using a combination of N-body simulations with different resolutions, we study in detail how the concentrations of cold dark matter halos depend on halo mass at different redshifts. We confirm that halo concentrations at the present time depend strongly on halo mass, but our results also show marked differences from the predictions of some early empirical models. Our main results are that the mass dependence of the concentrations becomes weaker at higher redshifts and that at z ≳ 3, halos of mass greater than 1011 h-1 M☉ all have a similar median concentration, c ~ 3.5. While the median concentrations of low-mass halos grow significantly with time, those of massive halos change very little with redshift. These results are quantitatively in good agreement with the empirical model proposed by Zhao et al., which shows that halos in the early fast accretion phase all have similar concentrations.
Previous studies showed that the DNA-repair enzyme O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is one of drug resistant factors that affect chemosensibility of glioma. This study was to analyze the relationship between the expression of MGMT in glioma and the survival time of patients,and supply references to make molecular classification for glioma based on drug resistant mechanism.MGMT expression in 311 glioma specimens was examined by tissue array technology and immunohistochemistry method, all patients had been followed up for 5 years, and the materials were analyzed statistically.The positive expression of MGMT was 126 in 311 gliomas (40.51%), among them, 61 in 121 astrocytomas (50.41%), 18 in 70 oligodendrogliomas (25.71%), 18 in 64 oligoastrocytomas (28.13%), 29 in 56 glioblastomas (51.79%); 68 in 186 grade I-II gliomas (36.56%), and 58 in 125 grade III-IV gliomas (46.40%). The difference of MGMT expression between grade I-II and grade III-IV gliomas was significant (P< 0.001). According to Kaplan-Meier's survival curves and log-rank test, patients with MGMT expression showed a shorter survival time than those with no MGMT expression (P< 0.05).MGMT expression in glioma correlates with histopathological type and tumor grade. Patients with MGMT expression show a shorter survival time than those with no MGMT expression.
The Photometric objects Around Cosmic webs (PAC) approach developed in Xu et al. (2022b) has the advantage of making full use of spectroscopic and deeper photometric surveys. With the merits of PAC, the excess surface density $\bar{n}_2w_{{\rm{p}}}$ of neighboring galaxies can be measured down to stellar mass $10^{10.80}\,M_{\odot}$ around quasars at redshift $0.8
A series of 2´-hydroxy-4´,6´-diisoprenyloxychalcone derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for inhibitory activities against CDC25B and PTP1B. The results displayed the most of them showed inhibitory activities against CDC25B (IC50=1.19–14.20 µg/mL) and PTP1B (IC50= 1.26–8.44µg /mL), respectively. Moreover, compound 2h displayed the most CDC25B and PTP1B inhibitory activity in vitro with IC50 values of 1.19 and 1.26 µg/mL, respectively, compared with reference drugs Na3VO4(IC50=1.09 µg/mL) and oleanolic acid (IC50=1.01 µg/mL). The results of selectivity experiments showed that the target compounds were selective inhibitors against CDC25B and PTP1B. Enzyme kinetic experiments demonstrated that compound 2h was a specific inhibitor with the typical characteristics of a mixed inhibitor. Keywords: 2´-Hydroxy-4´, 6´-diprenyloxychalcone, synthesis, CDC25B, PTP1B, phosphatase inhibitors, enzyme kinetic.
Three-way laryngeal mask airway (tLMA) was used in 31 patients aged 4-68 yr, weighing 10- 79 kg undergoing tracheal foreign body removal under general anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced with propofol 3 mg/kg, vecuronium 0.12 mg/kg and remifentanil 0.4 μg/kg. tLMA was inserted. The patients were mechanically ventilated. Anesthesia was maintained with iv infusion of propofol 2 mg . Kg-1 ? H-1, vecuronium 0.08 mg·kg-1·h-1 and remifentanil 0.15 μg·kg-1 ·min-1 . Radial artery was cannulated for BP monitoring and blood sampling. The operation time was 6-34 min and mechanical ventilation time 19-45 min. There was no significant change in SP, DP, HR, VT, Ppeak and Ppeak CO, during operation as compared with the baseline values before anesthesia. SpO2 was significantly increased at T2-6. PCO2, PO2 and O2sat were obviously improved after tLMA was used. All the patients emerged bom anesthesia within 30 min after operation. No aspiration, obvious gastrointestinal inflation, and pharyngeal and laryngeal edema and injury occurred. Mild agitation occurred in a short time during the recovery period in one patient. No complication occurred.
Key words:
Laryngeal masks; Foreign bodies; Trachea
Star formation quenching in galaxies is a critical process in galaxy formation. It is widely believed that the quenching process is dominated by the mass of galaxies and/or their environment. In Paper V, we addressed the challenge to disentangle the effects of mass and environment by employing the PAC method, which combines spectroscopic and deep photometric surveys. This approach enabled us to measure the excess surface density of blue and red galaxies around massive central galaxies down to $10^{9.0}M_{\odot}$. However, it is not straightforward to completely separate the two effects.To address this issue, in this paper, we derive the average quenched fraction of central (isolated) galaxies, $\bar{f}_{\mathrm{q}}^{\mathrm{cen}}(M_{*})$, by combining the 3D quenched fraction distribution $f^{\mathrm{sat}}_{\mathrm{q}}(r; M_{*,\mathrm{cen}}, M_{*,\mathrm{sat}})$, reconstructed from the $\bar{n}_2w_{\mathrm{p}}(r_{\mathrm{p}})$ measurements, with the stellar mass-halo mass relation in N-body simulations from Paper IV, and the observed total quenched fraction, $\bar{f}_{\mathrm{q}}^{\mathrm{all}}(M_{*})$. Using $f^{\mathrm{sat}}_{\mathrm{q}}(r;M_{*,\mathrm{cen}},M_{*,\mathrm{sat}})$, $\bar{f}_{\mathrm{q}}^{\mathrm{cen}}(M_{*})$, and the galaxy-halo connection, we assign a quenched probability to each (sub)halo in the simulation, enabling a comprehensive study of galaxy quenching. We find that the mass-quenched fraction increases from 0.3 to 0.87 across the stellar mass range $[10^{9.5}, 10^{11.0}]M_{\odot}$, while the environmental quenched fraction decreases from 0.17 to 0.03. The mass effect dominates galaxy quenching across the entire stellar mass range we studied. Moreover, more massive host halos are more effective at quenching their satellite galaxies, while satellite stellar mass has minimal influence on environmental quenching.
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Target discovery is one of the essential steps in modern drug development, and the identification of promising targets is fundamental for developing first-in-class drug. A variety of methods have emerged for target assessment based on druggability analysis, which refers to the likelihood of a target being effectively modulated by drug-like agents. In the therapeutic target database (TTD), nine categories of established druggability characteristics were thus collected for 426 successful, 1014 clinical trial, 212 preclinical/patented, and 1479 literature-reported targets via systematic review. These characteristic categories were classified into three distinct perspectives: molecular interaction/regulation, human system profile and cell-based expression variation. With the rapid progression of technology and concerted effort in drug discovery, TTD and other databases were highly expected to facilitate the explorations of druggability characteristics for the discovery and validation of innovative drug target. TTD is now freely accessible at: https://idrblab.org/ttd/.
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