Animal cell culture is fundamental in the manufacturing of many biological products. Biological products
produced in animal cell cultures include vaccines, enzymes, hormones, antibodies and anticancer agents. However
majority of animal cells is anchorage-dependent and requires attachment to a surface for their growth. Microcarrier is
a small bead used to provide surface for the culture of anchorage-dependent animal cells. Microcarrier culture has very
large surface area to volume ratio, thus able to produce larger number of cells when compared to conventional
monolayer cultures which uses multiple glass or plastic bottles. This research was carried out mainly to study the
growth performance of DF-1 cell culture by using microcarriers in a 1-L litre stirred tank bioreactor and compares it
with conventional monolayer cultures grown in T-flasks bioreactor. At the end of the study it has been found that the
maximum viable cell concentration achieved by the microcarrier culture was 1.315 × 106 cells/ml which was higher
than maximum viable cell concentration achieved by the cell culture in T-flasks which was 1.25 × 106 cells/ml.
Normal tracheal mucociliary clearance is the key to maintaining the health and defense of respiratory airway. Therefore the present of cilia and mucous blanket are important for tracheal epithelium to function effectively. In the present study, we prepared a tissue engineered respiratory epithelium construct (TEREC) made of autologous respiratory epithelium cells, fibroblast and fibrin from sheep owns blood which replaced a created tracheal mucosal defect. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed encouraging result where immature cilia were present on the surface of TEREC. This result indicates that engineered respiratory epithelium was able to function as normal tissue.
Traffic crashes (MVC) injure many people and affects victims' everyday lives and productivity. Traumatic experiences are common, but only a minority of survivors develops chronic emotional problems such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The objective of this cross sectional study is to determine the quality of life (QoL) and PTSD among traffic crash survivors.
Methods
A total of 108 traffic crash survivors from the Orthopaedic Clinic of two leading public hospitals in Selangor, Malaysia (Serdang Hospital and Tengku Ampuan Rahimah Hospital) participated. Each respondent was interviewed face to face using WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire to measure QoL and Impact Event Scale (IES) to measure the level of PTSD.
Results
The results found that 82.4% of the respondents developed PTSD and 56.5% of the respondents had poor QoL. There is significant difference exists in social relationship domain with the level of PTSD (p < 0.05). There is also a significant difference between overall QoL score and the level of PTSD among the respondents (p < 0.05). The result also showed a significant difference between age (p = 0.044), race (p = 0.013) and educational level (p = 0.002) with the mean score of QoL. However, there was no significant association between age, gender, marital status and educational level with the level of PTSD. QoL score was found to be significantly correlated with PTSD (p = 0.030).
Conclusions
In conclusion, traffic crash involvement is a leading cause to PTSD. Decrements in QoL have been associated with both chronic pain and also PTSD. Hence, greater attentions need to be given for those traffic crash survivors who developed PTSD symptoms.
The objective of this study was to regenerate the tracheal epithelium using autologous nasal respiratory epithelial cells in a sheep model. Respiratory epithelium and fibroblast cells were harvested from nasal turbinates and cultured for 1 week. After confluence, respiratory epithelium and fibroblast cells were suspended in autologous fibrin polymerized separately to form a tissue-engineered respiratory epithelial construct (TEREC). A 3 × 2 cm<sup>2</sup> tracheal mucosal defect was created, and implanted with TEREC and titanium mesh as a temporary scaffold. The control groups were divided into 2 groups: polymerized autologous fibrin devoid of cells (group 1), and no construct implanted (group 2). All sheep were euthanized at 4 weeks of implantation. Gross observation of the trachea showed minimal luminal stenosis formation in the experimental group compared to the control groups. Macroscopic evaluation revealed significant mucosal fibrosis in control group 1 (71.8%) as compared to the experimental group (7%). Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed the presence of minimal overgrowth of fibrous connective tissue covered by respiratory epithelium. A positive red fluorescence staining of PKH26 on engineered tissue 4 weeks after implantation confirmed the presence of cultured nasal respiratory epithelial cells intercalated with native tracheal epithelial cells. Scanning electron microscopy showed the presence of short microvilli representing immature cilia on the surface of the epithelium. Our study showed that TEREC was a good replacement for a tracheal mucosal defect and was able to promote natural regenesis of the tracheal epithelium with minimal fibrosis. This study highlighted a new technique in the treatment of tracheal stenosis.
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