Journal Article Cholera Toxins: Increased Levels of Serum Glutamic-Oxalacetic Transaminase in Human Cholera Get access Marian E. Iwert, Marian E. Iwert Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar B. C. Deb, B. C. Deb Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. L. Shrivastava, D. L. Shrivastava Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William Burrows William Burrows Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 118, Issue 4, October 1968, Pages 422–426, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/118.4.422 Published: 01 October 1968 Article history Received: 06 February 1968 Published: 01 October 1968
Serological response to cholera revaccination has been studied in a semi-closed community consisting of individuals mostly in the 2-20-years age-group. The subjects had been inoculated against cholera every year at the beginning of the local epidemic season. Pre- and post-vaccination sera were obtained from 29 subjects inoculated with cholera vaccine (test group) and 28 from subjects inoculated with TAB vaccine (control group). These sera were tested for vibriocidal and agglutination titres. The geometrical means of the vibriocidal and agglutination titres of the post-vaccination sera in the test group rose by 490% and 463% respectively. This booster effect was observed mostly in individuals in the 2-14-years age-group, who had low titres (vibriocidal
Outreach interventions using ex-IDUs to inform and educate their peers about HIV/AIDS prevention measures have been found to be effective in the United States and other developed countries. While HIV/AIDS prevention programmes targeting IDUs have also been implemented in a number of developing countries, very little information is available on the process of implementation of these programmes. This paper attempts to document some of this knowledge by describing the implementation process of an outreach intervention targeting IDUs in a small town—Churachandpur—with high injection drug use and high HIV infection rates, in the north-eastern state of Manipur. The paper describes the barriers encountered in implementing the outreach and how these barriers were minimized. In conclusion, the paper makes the case for targeting outreach to the larger community before targeting the IDUs.
Recurrent epidemics of acute diarrhoeal disease in young children have occurred during the winter months in Manipur (India) for many years. During November 1979, children admitted to hospital for acute diarrhoea were investigated and, in addition to pathogenic Escherichia coli and Shigella rotovirus was detected by ELISA in a number of stool samples, especially of those less than one year old. The importance of this finding and the need for further study are discussed.
Sulfadoxine, a long-acting sulfonamide, and tetracycline were compared as regards their effectiveness in reducing transmission of cholera infection among the contacts of cholera patients in Calcutta. A total of 109 healthy family contacts of confirmed hospitalized cholera patients were treated with a single oral dose of sulfadoxine graded according to age. Another similar group of 101 contacts received 6 divided doses of oral tetracycline over a period of 3 days. All these contacts were bacteriologically examined for 15 days. Results showed that tetracycline was effective in significantly reducing the load of cholera infection from the 2nd to 6th day, while sulfadoxine was effective from the 3rd to the 6th day. The advantages and disadvantages of the two drugs as chemoprophylactic agents in cholera are discussed.
SummaryA double blind study on determination of ABO blood groups of 210 cholera patients, 44 diarrhoea cases due to Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and 148 diarrhoea cases from whom no vibrios could be isolated (control group), was conducted in Calcutta: A statistically significant difference was found in blood group 'O' when comparison was made between control and cholera groups. No significant association was, however, noticed between V. parahaemolyticus-induced diarrhoea and ABO blood group.ZusammenfassungEine doppelte Blindbestimmung der ABO-Blutgruppen von 210 Cholerapatienten, 44 Fällen von Durchfall durch Vibrio parahämolyticus und 148 Fällen von Durchfall, bei denen keine Vibrios isoliert werden konnten (Kontrollgruppe) wurde in Kalkutta durchgeführt. Ein statistisch signifikanter Unterschied wurde bei der Blutgruppe O beim Vergleich zwischen Kontroll und Choleragruppe gefunden. Keine signifikante Verknüpfung war jedoch feststellbar zwischen V. parahämolyticus-induziertem Durchfall und ABO-Blutgruppen.RésuméUne étude aveugle double de détermination des groupes sanguins ABO de 210 patient atteints de choléra, 44 cas de diarrhée due à Vibrio parahaemolyticus et 148 cas de diarrhée chez qui aucun vibrio n'a pu étre décelé (groupe témoin) a été menée à Calcutta. Une différence statistiquement significative a été trouvée pour le groupe sanguin O quand le groupe témoin et le groupe de choléra ont été comparés. Aucune association significative n'a cependant été notée entre la diarrhée due à V. parahaemolyticus et la groupe sanguin ABO.
Boron (B) is one of the most important micronutrients for plants which play vital role in various metabolic process. Boron deficiency in rice has been widely reported in many rice growing regions of the world including Bangladesh. Therefore, a field experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Bangladesh during the period from November 2022 to May 2023 to study the effect of different levels of B on aromatic Boro rice (cv. BRRI dhan50. The experiment comprised ten treatments viz. control (0 kg B ha-1), 2.0 kg B ha-1 (basal), 4.0 kg B ha-1 (basal), 6.0 kg B ha-1 (basal), 1.0 kg B ha-1 (basal) + 1.0 kg B ha-1 (soil application at 30 DAT), 2.0 kg B ha-1 (basal) + 2.0 kg B ha-1 (soil application at 30 DAT), 3.0 kg B ha-1 (basal) + 3.0 kg B ha-1 (soil application at 30 DAT), 1.0 kg B ha-1 (basal) + 0.5 kg B ha-1 (soil application at 30 DAT) + 0.5 kg B ha-1 (foliar application at flag leaf stage), 2.0 kg B ha-1 (basal) + 1.0 kg B ha-1 (soil application at 30 DAT) + 1.0 kg B ha-1 (foliar application at flag leaf stage) and 3.0 kg B ha-1 (basal) + 1.5 kg B ha-1 (soil application at 30 DAT) + 1.5 kg B ha-1 (foliar application at flag leaf stage). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The yield and yield contributing characters were influenced significantly by different levels of B. The highest number of total tillers hill-1 (14.65), effective tillers hill-1 (12.75) and grains panicle-1 (106.66) were obtained from 1.0 kg B ha-1 (basal) + 0.5 kg B ha-1 (soil application at 30 DAT) + 0.5 kg B ha-1 (foliar application at flag leaf stage). The highest grain (5.38 t ha-1) and straw (6.27 t ha-1) yields were also obtained from the same treatment which was at par with the treatment 2.0 kg B ha-1 (basal) + 1.0 kg B ha-1 (soil application at 30 DAT) + 1.0 kg B ha-1 (foliar application at flag leaf stage) (T8) whereas the lowest values were found in control. Results indicated that 1.0 kg B ha-1 (basal) + 0.5 kg B ha-1 (soil application at 30 DAT) + 0.5 kg B ha-1 (foliar application at flag leaf stage) appears as the promising practice in terms of grain yield of aromatic Boro rice (cv. BRRI dhan50).
'%3e%3ccircle r='20' fill='%23008'/%3e%3ccircle r='17.5' fill='%23fff'/%3e%3ccircle r='3.5' fill='%23008'/%3e%3cg id='d'%3e%3cg id='c'%3e%3cg id='b'%3e%3cg id='a' fill='%23008'%3e%3ccircle r='.875' transform='rotate(7.5 -8.75 133.5)'/%3e%3cpath d='M0 17.5.6 7 0 2l-.6 5L0 17.5z'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(15)'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23b' transform='rotate(30)'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23c' transform='rotate(60)'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23d' transform='rotate(120)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23d' transform='rotate(-120)'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/svg%3e)
