Abstract Effects of Con A-induced human mononuclear cells on the proliferative response of peripheral T cells were examined by using TNP-modified autologous lymphocytes as stimulator cells. Cells induced by incubation with Con A contained both suppressor cells and amplifier cells. The former were induced from nylon woolnonadherent T cells and these precursor cells were sensitive to mitomycin treatment. On the other hand, amplifier precursor cells were nylon wool-nonadherent T cells and were resistant to mitomycin treatment. Cell proliferation was required for the induction of suppressor cells but not for the induction of amplifier cells. Con A-induced suppressor effector cells were both nylon wool-adherent and nonadherent cells, on the contrary, Con A-induced amplifier effector cells were nonadherent cells. A small number of macrophages enhanced the suppressive activity of nonadherent T cells when added at the induction phase of suppressor T cells.
The suspension plasma spray (SPS) method is expected to become a novel coating method because it can achieve various microstructures using a suspension with submicron spray particles. Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) with a columnar structure, which might achieve high strain tolerance, can be obtained using the SPS technique. This study evaluated the internal stress distribution of the suspension-plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coating (SPS-TBC) with different columnar structures using hybrid measurement using high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis and laboratory low-energy X-rays. The relationship between the microstructure and the internal stress distribution of the SPS-TBC was discussed on the basis of the experimental results. In addition, the in-plane internal stress was decreased by decreasing the column diameter. The thin columnar microstructure of the SPS-TBC has superior strain tolerance. The internal stresses in the SPS-TBC are periodic decrements caused by stress relaxation in porous layers in its column.
Children with bronchial asthma aged between 1 and 16 years were observed for 2 weeks, and subsequently received repirinast at a daily oral dose of 8mg/kg for 26 weeks.1. According to the impression of the affected children and the results of the evaluation of overall improvement and usefulness, repirinast was highly useful. The improvement rate increased along with the progress of the study, and the percentage of patients showing mild or better improvement fluctuated around 90% from week 12 of the study.2. Compared with the observation period, the clinical score was significantly reduced throughout the entire study period (the treatment score was reduced from week 4).3. 46.5% of the patient received repirinast for 26 weeks. Among them, 12 patients were symptomatically stable, and no increase in the treatment score was observed.Based on these results, the clinical efficancy of repirinast (Romet® fine granule for children) was confirmed. However the final number of evaluable patients was considered to be 12, in this study, no use of any concomitant drug was intented, improvement was evaluated during a limited period of 4 weeks, and the dose of repirinast was subsequently reduced.
4-week repeated dose toxicity study with 4-week recovery test of landiolol hydrochloride (ONO-1101), a novel ultra short acting β-blocker, was conducted in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. ONO-1101 was administered intravenously to rats of both sexes at a dose level of 0 (control), 12.5, 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg/day. In the 100 mg/kg/day group, bradypnea or dyspnea was seen in all animals, pale in ear, eye and foot, tremor, reddish lacrimation and loss of righting reflex were also observed in some animals right after administration, and then those signs disappeared within 1 min after administration. During the treatment period, 3/20 animals of each sex in the 100 mg/kg/day showed clonic convulsion and died within 2 min after administration. No clinical changes were seen in the 50 mg/kg/day group or lower. Histopathological findings showed atrophy of the submaxillary gland in females and vessel-wall thickening and perivascular fibrosis of the injection site (tail) in both sexes at 100 mg/kg/day, however those changes were reversible. ONO-1101 did not effect on body weight, food consumption, ophthalmology, urinalysis, hematology, blood chemistry, organ weights or necropsy at any doses. These results indicate that the no-adverse-effect level of ONO-1101 in rats is 50 mg/kg/day for both sexes in this study.
Abstract The correlation between the severity of asthmatic symptoms and of EIB (exercise‐induced bronchospasm) was studied by changes in PEFR (peak expiratory flow rate). This was accomplished by bicycle ergometer exercise of 12.6 kpm/kg of body weight for 6 minutes, or by treadmill exercise of 6km/h, 10% incline for 6 minutes, by children with bronchial asthma in 7 institutions in Japan (both inpatients and outpatients). The incidence of EIB in those using bicycle ergometers was 63.7%, and the clinical severity paralleled the EIB severity closely, showing complete agreement in 71% and almost complete agreement in 94%. The severity of EIB was as follows: no EIB in less than 15%, mild EIB in15–20%, moderate EIB in 21 ‐45%, and severe EIB in over 45%. The incidence of EIB in those using the treadmill was 65.2% and did not correlate as well as with the clinical severity as in those using the bicycle ergometer. The maximum % fall in PEFR of those judged to be EIB positive using the treadmill was more than 25%. We recommend the use of the bicycle ergometer to determine the severity of bronchial asthma in children.
The role of complement in the pathogenesis of marked thrombocytopenia induced in rats by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (E. rhusiopathiae) was examined. In cobra venom factor (CoF)‐treated rats thrombocytopenia was not induced by the bacterium. The content of 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) in platelets was decreased significantly after inoculation only in untreated rats. E. rhusiopathiae could bind C3 and generate platelet‐bacteria aggregation when incubated in the plasma diluted with veronalbuffered saline containing calcium and magnesium (VBS+ +) or gelatin‐VBS containing magnesium and ethyleneglycol tetra‐acetic acid (GVB‐Mg‐EGTA), but not when incubated in GVB‐ethylenediamine tetra‐acetic acid (GVB‐EDTA) diluted plasma or in CoF‐treated or anti rat C3‐treated plasma. When platelets were preincubated with activated zymosan, no bacteria could bind to platelets. From the results, we speculate that the alternative complement pathway, activated by E. rhusiopathiae, appears to mediate the formation of platelet‐bacterial aggregations that may accelerate the removal of platelets from circulating blood.
Effects of Con A-induced human mononuclear cells on the proliferative response of peripheral T cells were examined by using TNP-modified autologous lymphocytes as stimulator cells. Cells induced by incubation with Con A contained both suppressor cells and amplifier cells. The former were induced from nylon wool-nonadherent T cells and these precursor cells were sensitive to mitomycin treatment. On the other hand, amplifier precursor cells were nylon wool-nonadherent T cells and were resistant to mitomycin treatment. Cell proliferation was required for the induction of suppressor cells but not for the induction of amplifier cells. Con A-induced suppressor effector cells were both nylon wool-adherent and nonadherent cells, on the contrary, Con A-induced amplifier effector cells were nonadherent cells. A small number of macrophages enhanced the suppressive activity of nonadherent T cells when added at the induction phase of suppressor T cells.
