A dynamic equation of state at the solid-liquid interface for a liquid-saturated "solid-liquid porous media" system has been derived from a thermodynamic study modeling simultaneous heat and mass transfer through porous media from the liquid supply front to the solid-liquid interface, as the very first step in building a mathematical model which may macroscopically describe a freezing expansion phenomenon with mass transfer in saturated porous media. It has been revealed that the derived dynamic equation of state generalizes the so-called generalized Clausius-Clapeyron equation, i.e. the static equation of state for porous media without mass transfer, and that mechanical energy produced at the solid-liquid interface is equal to mechanical energy dissipation due to the mass transfer.
High-dose rate (HDR) intracavitary radiation therapy for carcinoma of the uterine cervix has gradually found wider acceptance. In 1983, the authors first presented the results of prospective randomized comparative study of HDR versus low-dose rate (LDR) therapy. In the current study, the final results of this study with a longer follow-up are presented.From January 1975 through August 1983, 430 previously untreated patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix in Stages I-III were treated with either HDR 60Co therapy or LDR 137Cs therapy at our department. HDR was administered to a total of 259 patients: 32 patients in Stage I, 80 in Stage II, and 147 in Stage III. LDR was administered to a total of 171 patients: 28 patients in Stage I, 61 in Stage II, and 82 in Stage III.The 5-year cause-specific survival rates of Stage I-III patients treated with HDR were 85%, 73%, and 53%, respectively. The corresponding figures for LDR were 93%, 78%, and 47%, respectively. There was no significant difference between these survival rates. Moderate-to-severe complications developed in 10% of the patients treated with HDR and 4% of those with LDR. This difference in the incidence of complications was statistically significant (P = 0.023).Treatment results in terms of cause-specific survival were equivalent for HDR and LDR treatment. However, the incidence of complications was higher for the HDR group, although within acceptable levels, than for the LDR group.
An experimental study has verified the dynamic equation of state derived from a thermodynamic model representing simultaneous heat and mass transfer from the lipuid supply front to the solid-liquid interface in a liquid saturated porous medium. Measurement of pore liquid pressure at the solid-liquid interface fixed on the top surface of an Ohya-tuff specimen(the porous medium)enabled us to experimentally verify the relationship between temperature, pore liquid pressure and solid pressure at the interface, and liquid supply pressure. This experimental method was established by re-verifying the so-called Clausius-Clapeyron equation(GCCE), the static equation for a porous medium without liquid flow. This study also clarified the relationship between the dynamic equation of state and the GCCE on the pore liquid pressure-liquid supply pressure plane.
